error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol

falcon93 · 2011-07-24T12:57:27

Hi all! I get some strange errors when I try to declare some methods as static. I've searched on google for it, but havn't managed to solve it. Here's the error messages: error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct IDirect3DDevice9 * Graphics::d3ddev" ([email="?d3ddev@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3DDevice9@@A"]?d3ddev@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3DDevice9@@A[/email]) C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\AvoidBall\Graphics.obj error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct IDirect3D9 * Graphics::d3d" ([email="?d3d@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3D9@@A"]?d3d@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3D9@@A[/email]) C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\AvoidBall\Graphics.obj error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct Graphics::CUSTOMVERTEX * Graphics::vertices" ([email="?vertices@Graphics@@2PAUCUSTOMVERTEX@1@A"]?vertices@Graphics@@2PAUCUSTOMVERTEX@1@A[/email]) C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\AvoidBall\Graphics.obj error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 * Graphics::v_buffer" ([email="?v_buffer@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3DVertexBuffer9@@A"]?v_buffer@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3DVertexBuffer9@@A[/email]) C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\AvoidBall\Graphics.obj error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct _D3DSURFACE_DESC Graphics::surface" ([email="?surface@Graphics@@2U_D3DSURFACE_DESC@@A"]?surface@Graphics@@2U_D3DSURFACE_DESC@@A[/email]) C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\AvoidBall\Graphics.obj error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static struct IDirect3DTexture9 * Graphics::texture" ([email="?texture@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3DTexture9@@A"]?texture@Graphics@@2PAUIDirect3DTexture9@@A[/email]) C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\AvoidBall\Graphics.obj error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static void * Graphics::pVoid" ([email="?pVoid@Graphics@@2PAXA"]?pVoid@Graphics@@2PAXA[/email]) C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\AvoidBall\Graphics.obj error LNK1120: 7 unresolved externals C:\Users\Simon Blom\Desktop\AvoidBall\Debug\AvoidBall.exe GraphicsEngine.h [source lang="cpp"] #include <d3d9.h> #include <d3dx9.h> #pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib") #pragma comment (lib, "d3dx9.lib") #pragma once class GraphicsEngine { public: static void Initialize(HWND hWnd); static void InitGraphics(void); static void Update(void); static void Draw(void); public: static LPDIRECT3D9 d3d; static LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev; static LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 v_buffer; static IDirect3DTexture9* texture; static D3DSURFACE_DESC surface; static VOID* pVoid; public: static struct CUSTOMVERTEX { float X, Y, Z, RHW; D3DCOLOR COLOR; float U, V; }; #define CUSTOMFVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1) static CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[4]; }; [/source] GraphicsEngine.cpp [source lang="cpp"] #include <d3d9.h> #include <d3dx9tex.h> #include "GraphicsEngine.h" #include "Main.h" void GraphicsEngine::Initialize(HWND hWnd) { d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION); D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS)); d3dpp.Windowed = false; d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd; d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8; d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH; d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT; d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &d3dpp, &d3ddev); } void GraphicsEngine::InitGraphics(void) { D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3ddev, L"texture.jpg", 0, 0, 0, 0, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_FILTER_NONE, D3DX_FILTER_NONE, 0, NULL, NULL, &texture); texture->GetLevelDesc(0, &surface); d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(4*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX), 0, CUSTOMFVF, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &v_buffer, NULL); vertices[0].COLOR = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(255, 255, 255, 255); vertices[0].X = 100; vertices[0].Y = 100; vertices[0].Z = 0; vertices[0].RHW = 1; vertices[0].U = 0.0f; vertices[0].V = 0.0f; vertices[1].COLOR = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(255, 255, 255, 255); vertices[1].X = 100 + 25; vertices[1].Y = 100; vertices[1].Z = 0; vertices[1].RHW = 1; vertices[1].U = 1.0f; vertices[1].V = 0.0f; vertices[2].COLOR = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(255, 255, 255, 255); vertices[2].X = 100 + 25; vertices[2].Y = 100 + 25; vertices[2].Z = 0; vertices[2].RHW = 1; vertices[2].U = 1.0f; vertices[2].V = 1.0f; vertices[3].COLOR = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(255, 255, 255, 255); vertices[3].X = 100; vertices[3].Y = 100 + 25; vertices[3].Z = 0; vertices[3].RHW = 1; vertices[3].U = 0.0f; vertices[3].V = 1.0f; } void GraphicsEngine::Update(void) { v_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVoid, 0); memcpy(pVoid, vertices, sizeof(vertices)); v_buffer->Unlock(); } void GraphicsEngine::Draw(void) { d3ddev->Clear(9, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0); d3ddev->BeginScene(); d3ddev->SetFVF(CUSTOMFVF); d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, v_buffer, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX)); d3ddev->SetTexture(0, texture); d3ddev->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN, 0, 2); d3ddev->EndScene(); d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); } [/source] Please help

For Beginners

Started by falcon93 July 20, 2011 08:50 AM

34 comments, last by falcon93 12 years, 8 months ago

Wooh

1,088

July 23, 2011 01:31 PM

In GraphicsEngine::Draw you dod3ddev->SetTexture(0, texture); but the texture has never been initialized. If I'm not missing something this could cause the program to crash. I don't use windows so I can't test your code so it could be other things that cause the crash. Visual Studio 2010 has a debugger as far as I know. Try using that and see what you find.

falcon93

121

Author

July 23, 2011 02:44 PM

In GraphicsEngine::Draw you dod3ddev->SetTexture(0, texture); but the texture has never been initialized. If I'm not missing something this could cause the program to crash. I don't use windows so I can't test your code so it could be other things that cause the crash. Visual Studio 2010 has a debugger as far as I know. Try using that and see what you find.

But it should check these thing automaticly, right? The problem is that I don't get any debug messages or crash help at all, just a crash which has to be quitted by Ctrl + alt + delete

I'll check the code part you mentioned asap

Pallenuh

102

July 23, 2011 03:25 PM

Was awhile I programmed in C++ but if you do it like this

[color="#1C2837"][font="CourierNew, monospace"][color="#660066"]GraphicsEngine[color="#666600"]*[color="#000000"] graphics [color="#666600"]= [color="#000088"]new [color="#660066"]GraphicsEngine[color="#666600"](); [color="#880000"]// This will create a new object of my GraphicsEngine.[/font]
[color="#660066"]Player[color="#666600"]*[color="#000000"] player[color="#666600"]; [color="#880000"]// I create my sprite object in the Player class constructor, just to simulate the situation in my game. The Sprite requies variables from GraphicsEngine, therefore: [font="CourierNew, monospace"][color="#000000"]player [color="#666600"]= [color="#000088"]new [color="#660066"]Player[color="#666600"]([color="#000000"]graphics[color="#666600"]); [color="#880000"]// I send a reference. Not a new object or "copy"?[/font][/quote]

and receive the pointer like this
[color="#1C2837"][font="CourierNew, monospace"][color="#660066"]Player[color="#666600"]::[color="#660066"]Player[color="#666600"]([color="#660066"]GraphicsEngine[color="#666600"]&[color="#000000"] graphics[color="#666600"]) [color="#880000"]// I can use/write GraphicsEngine + & without having to include the .h file?[/font][color="#666600"]{ [color="#660066"]Sprite[color="#000000"] sprite [color="#666600"]= [color="#000088"]new [color="#660066"]Sprite[color="#666600"]([color="#000000"]graphics[color="#666600"]); [color="#880000"]// Sends a reference to the sprite object

[color="#666600"][font="CourierNew, monospace"]}[/font][/quote]

that would mean a reference to the pointer? so to fix it you add a dereference before. player = new Player(*graphics)

or you just takes a GraphicsEngine * instead.

Wooh

1,088

July 23, 2011 03:33 PM

Check what things automatically? I think Windows will show an error message if the program crashes and you should not have to use Ctrl Alt Delete. Maybe the program gets stuck in an infinite loop?

ApochPiQ

23,138

July 23, 2011 04:05 PM

But it should check these thing automaticly, right?

Not necessarily.

In a perfect world, every system we use in programming would be polite and tell us when we do something wrong. In reality, that's very expensive and doesn't happen often. Therefore, the deep wisdom: "be tolerant in what you accept, and strict in what you produce." In other words, you should write programs that assume they will be given bad inputs, and respond gracefully. At the same time, you should never assume that other people are doing this; always make sure your outputs are sane before you give them to other parts of the program or other APIs/libraries/etc.

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