These papers explain all that you need to know about accessing memory in cache friendly ways, and why it's so important. I've sorted them by difficulty of understanding (IMHO).
Multi-core is Here! But How Do You Resolve Data Bottlenecks in PC Games?, Michael Wall (AMD), GDC 2008
http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_GDC_2008_MW.pdf
Pitfalls of Object Oriented Programming, Tony Albrecht (SCEE), GCAP 09
http://research.scee.net/files/presentations/gcapaustralia09/Pitfalls_of_Object_Oriented_Programming_GCAP_09.pdf
CPU Caches and Why You Care, Scott Meyers, Ph.D.; ACCU 2011 Conference.
http://www.aristeia.com/TalkNotes/ACCU2011_CPUCaches.pdf