ULTRA-PEDANT ALERT:
There is something called the inverse cosine, which is a multivalued function. The C++ function std::acos returns the principal value of this multivalued function (in C++98 this is only defined for real values between -1 and 1, but in C++11 there is a version that works for any complex number).
Similarly the square root is a multivalued function that is the inverse of the function that maps x to x2, and std::sqrt returns the principal value.