Valid does not do what you think it does, it does not signal when the future has a result. However, you could probably use one of the timed wait functions with an immediate timeout.
Ah, ok. From cppreference.com about wait_for(): "A steady clock is used to measure the duration. This function may block for longer than timeout_duration due to scheduling or resource contention delays. The "may block for longer" does not sound promising. I'm getting the feeling that this approach is not the proper way for an interactive application.
You really should upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 as soon as you can. Yes, libSDL2 is available there, and it's already ported natively to the Mir display server so you can develop targeting desktop, tablet, and phone right away. There's really no reason to hold back.
Yes, no reason to hold back. Except my lazyness... have to take backups and maybe improve my current situation by separating Ubuntu and Win7 to their own SSD:s. Can you rely on installing a new Ubuntu version via apt-get nowdays, or does it still tend to break things ?