I was able to solve the issue. In case somebody else encounters the problem, you just have to set the cycle to a much lower value. The optimal value for cycle is somewhere around:
My guess is that setting the offset back to 0 when it exceeds the cycle length is the culprit. At faster flow rates the offset will overshoot by more than with a slower rate, so there will be a more obvious discontinuity. Try subtracting cycle from the offset instead of setting it to 0.
No luck so far... Any other ideas? Using higher resolution flowmap didn't solve the problem.