I copied this code exactly from the book, but I get unresolved external symbols. Its supposed to display a rotating red triangle on the screen. Can someone please copy/paste this into their compiler and tell me what you think? #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN #include <windows.h> #include <gl/gl.h> //Standard OpenGL include #include <gl/glu.h>//OpenGL utilities #include <gl/glaux.h> //OpenGL auxiliary functions //Global Variables float angle = 0.0f; //Current angle of the rotating triangle HDC g_HDC; //global device context //Function to set the pixel format for the device void SetupPixelFormat(HDC hDC) { int nPixelFormat; //your pixel format index static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = { sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), //Size of the structure 1, //Version, always set to 1 PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | //support window PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | //support openGL PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, //support double buffering PFD_TYPE_RGBA, //RGBA color mode 32, //go for 32 bit color mode 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, //Ignore color bits, not used 0, //No alpha buffer 0, //Ignore shift bit 0, //No accumulation buffer 0, 0, 0, 0, //Ignore accumulation bits 16, //16 bit Z buffer size 0, //no stencil buffer 0, //no auxiliary buffer PFD_MAIN_PLANE, //main drawing plane 0, //reserved 0, 0, 0 }; //layer masks ignored //Choose best matching pixel format, return index nPixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd); //set pixel format to device context SetPixelFormat(hDC, nPixelFormat, &pfd); } //Event handler LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HGLRC hRC; //rendering context static HDC hDC; //device context char string[] = "Hello, world!"; //text to be displayed int width, height; //window width and height switch(message) { case WM_CREATE: hDC = GetDC(hwnd); //get current window''s device context g_HDC = hDC; SetupPixelFormat(hDC); //Call your pixel format setup function //create rendering context and make it current hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC); wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC); return 0; break; case WM_CLOSE: //deselect rendering context and delete it wglMakeCurrent(hDC, NULL); wglDeleteContext(hRC); //sent WM_QUIT to message queue PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; break; case WM_SIZE: height = HIWORD(lParam); //retrieve width and height width = LOWORD(lParam); if(height == 0) //don''t want a divide by zero { height = 1; } //Reset the viewport to new dimensions glViewport(0, 0, width, height); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); //set projection matrix glLoadIdentity(); //reset projection matrix //calculate aspect ratio of window gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height, 1.0f, 1000.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //Set modelview matrix glLoadIdentity(); //reset modelview matrix return 0; break; default: break; } return(DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam)); } //main windows entry point int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { WNDCLASSEX windowClass; //window class HWND hwnd; //Window handle MSG msg; //message bool done; //fill out the window class structure windowClass.style = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); windowClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; windowClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; windowClass.cbClsExtra = 0; windowClass.cbWndExtra = 0; windowClass.cbWndExtra = 0; windowClass.hInstance = hInstance; windowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //default icon windowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); //default arrow windowClass.hbrBackground = NULL; //don''t need background windowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL; //no menu //Register the window class if(!RegisterClassEx(&windowClass)) return 0; //class registered, so now create your window hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, //extended style "MyClass", //class name "The OpenGL Window Application!",//app name WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE| //window style WS_SYSMENU | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | // WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, 100, 100,//x, y coordinate 400, 400,//width, height NULL, //handle to parent NULL, //handle to menu hInstance, //application instance NULL); //no extra params //Check if window creation failed if(!hwnd) return 0; ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW); //display the window UpdateWindow(hwnd); //update the window done = false; //loop variable while(!done) { PeekMessage(&msg, hwnd, NULL, NULL, PM_REMOVE); if(msg.message == WM_QUIT) //if you receive a WM_QUIT message? { done = true; } else { //do rendering here //clear screen and depth buffer glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); //Reset modelview matrix angle = angle + 0.1f;//Increase rotation angle counter if(angle >= 360.0f) { angle = 0.0f; //reset angle counter } glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f); //move back 5 units glRotatef(angle, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);//draw the rectangle glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); //set color to red glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); //draw the triangle glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glEnd(); SwapBuffers(g_HDC); TranslateMessage(&msg); //translate/dispatch to envent queue DispatchMessage(&msg); } } return int(msg.wParam); // MessageBox(NULL, "\Hello, world!", "My first windows application", NULL); }

The book didn''t say to do that, but I tried it, and it can''t find OpenGL32.lib. The file doesn''t exist.

Visual C++.net

Ok, I''ll try that

quote:Original post by EGD Eric
The book didn''t say to do that.

Yeah it does, on page 9. And on page 8 it tells you what to do to make sure your compiler can find it.

Sorry I didn''t reply till now, I started a new job.
I tried downloading the source code from that site, but couldn''t find it. Nor is it on the CD that comes with the book.

You''re right of course: it does say so in the book. I figure they should have mentioned that again, because I had forgotten about it, having read the previous chapter on a previous day.

Now, I''ve followed page 8 & 9''s instructions implicitly:

I put the following files in a folder I created called "GL" in the include folder of visual studio.net:

GL.h
Glu.h
Glaux.h

I also put the lib files into the "Include" file. It still gives me: Unresolved external symbols. Here''s my code:



#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#include <windows.h>
//#include <OpenGL32.lib>
//#include <glu32.lib>
#include <gl/gl.h> //Standard OpenGL include
#include <gl/glu.h>//OpenGL utilities
#include <gl/glaux.h> //OpenGL auxiliary functions



//Global Variables
float angle = 0.0f; //Current angle of the rotating triangle
HDC g_HDC; //global device context

//Function to set the pixel format for the device
void SetupPixelFormat(HDC hDC)
{
int nPixelFormat; //your pixel format index

static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = {
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), //Size of the structure
1, //Version, always set to 1
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | //support window
PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | //support openGL
PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, //support double buffering
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, //RGBA color mode
32, //go for 32 bit color mode
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, //Ignore color bits, not used
0, //No alpha buffer
0, //Ignore shift bit
0, //No accumulation buffer
0, 0, 0, 0, //Ignore accumulation bits
16, //16 bit Z buffer size
0, //no stencil buffer
0, //no auxiliary buffer
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, //main drawing plane
0, //reserved
0, 0, 0 }; //layer masks ignored

//Choose best matching pixel format, return index
nPixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd);

//set pixel format to device context
SetPixelFormat(hDC, nPixelFormat, &pfd);
}

//Event handler
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HGLRC hRC; //rendering context
static HDC hDC; //device context
char string[] = "Hello, world!"; //text to be displayed
int width, height; //window width and height

switch(message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hwnd); //get current window''s device context
g_HDC = hDC;
SetupPixelFormat(hDC); //Call your pixel format setup function

//create rendering context and make it current
hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC);
wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC);
return 0;
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
//deselect rendering context and delete it
wglMakeCurrent(hDC, NULL);
wglDeleteContext(hRC);

//sent WM_QUIT to message queue
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
break;
case WM_SIZE:
height = HIWORD(lParam); //retrieve width and height
width = LOWORD(lParam);

if(height == 0) //don''t want a divide by zero
{
height = 1;
}

//Reset the viewport to new dimensions
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); //set projection matrix
glLoadIdentity(); //reset projection matrix

//calculate aspect ratio of window
gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height, 1.0f, 1000.0f);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //Set modelview matrix
glLoadIdentity(); //reset modelview matrix

return 0;
break;

default:
break;
}
return(DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam));
}

//main windows entry point
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
WNDCLASSEX windowClass; //window class
HWND hwnd; //Window handle
MSG msg; //message
bool done;

//fill out the window class structure
windowClass.style = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
windowClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
windowClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
windowClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
windowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
windowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
windowClass.hInstance = hInstance;
windowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //default icon
windowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); //default arrow
windowClass.hbrBackground = NULL; //don''t need background
windowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL; //no menu

//Register the window class
if(!RegisterClassEx(&windowClass))
return 0;

//class registered, so now create your window
hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, //extended style
"MyClass", //class name
"The OpenGL Window Application!",//app name
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE| //window style
WS_SYSMENU | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | //
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS,
100, 100,//x, y coordinate
400, 400,//width, height
NULL, //handle to parent
NULL, //handle to menu
hInstance, //application instance
NULL); //no extra params

//Check if window creation failed
if(!hwnd)
return 0;

ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW); //display the window
UpdateWindow(hwnd); //update the window


done = false; //loop variable

while(!done)
{
PeekMessage(&msg, hwnd, NULL, NULL, PM_REMOVE);

if(msg.message == WM_QUIT) //if you receive a WM_QUIT message?
{
done = true;
}
else
{
//do rendering here
//clear screen and depth buffer
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity(); //Reset modelview matrix

angle = angle + 0.1f;//Increase rotation angle counter
if(angle >= 360.0f)
{
angle = 0.0f; //reset angle counter
}
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f); //move back 5 units
glRotatef(angle, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);//draw the rectangle

glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); //set color to red
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); //draw the triangle
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glEnd();

SwapBuffers(g_HDC);

TranslateMessage(&msg); //translate/dispatch to envent queue
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
return int(msg.wParam);
// MessageBox(NULL, "\Hello, world!", "My first windows application", NULL);
}