#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <SDL/SDL.h>
using namespace std;
#define mapWidth 24
#define mapHeight 24
int worldMap[mapWidth][mapHeight]=
{
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,3,0,3,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,3,0,3,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,4,0,4,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,4,0,0,0,0,5,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,4,0,4,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,4,0,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
};
Scalar posX = 22, posY = 12; //x and y start position
Scalar dirX = -1, dirY = 0; //initial direction vector
Scalar planeX = 0, planeY = 0.66; //the 2d raycaster version of camera plane
Scalar time = 0; //time of current frame
Scalar oldTime = 0; //time of previous frame
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
screen(640, 480, 32, "Raycaster");
while(!done())
{
SDL_Delay(5); //sacrifice 5 milliseconds per frame to free some CPU time
}
for(int x = 0; x < w; x++)
{
//calculate ray position and direction
Scalar cameraX = 2 * x / Scalar(w) - 1; //x-coordinate in camera space
Scalar rayPosX = posX;
Scalar rayPosY = posY;
Scalar rayDirX = dirX + planeX * cameraX;
Scalar rayDirY = dirY + planeY * cameraX;
}
//which box of the map we're in
int mapX = int(rayPosX);
int mapY = int(rayPosY);
//length of ray from current position to next x or y-side
Scalar sideDistX;
Scalar sideDistY;
//length of ray from one x or y-side to next x or y-side
Scalar deltaDistX = sqrt(1 + (rayDirY * rayDirY) / (rayDirX * rayDirX));
Scalar deltaDistY = sqrt(1 + (rayDirX * rayDirX) / (rayDirY * rayDirY));
Scalar perpWallDist;
//what direction to step in x or y-direction (either +1 or -1)
int stepX;
int stepY;
int hit = 0; //was there a wall hit?
int side; //was a NS or a EW wall hit?
//calculate step and initial sideDist
if (rayDirX < 0)
{
stepX = -1;
sideDistX = (rayPosX - mapX) * deltaDistX;
}
else
{
stepX = 1;
sideDistX = (mapX + 1.0 - rayPosX) * deltaDistX;
}
if (rayDirY < 0)
{
stepY = -1;
sideDistY = (rayPosY - mapY) * deltaDistY;
}
else
{
stepY = 1;
sideDistY = (mapY + 1.0 - rayPosY) * deltaDistY;
}
//perform DDA
while (hit == 0)
{
//jump to next map square, OR in x-direction, OR in y-direction
if (sideDistX < sideDistY)
{
sideDistX += deltaDistX;
mapX += stepX;
side = 0;
}
else
{
sideDistY += deltaDistY;
mapY += stepY;
side = 1;
}
//Check if ray has hit a wall
if (worldMap[mapX][mapY] > 0) hit = 1;
}
//Calculate distance projected on camera direction (oblique distance will give fisheye effect!)
if (side == 0)
perpWallDist = fabs((mapX - rayPosX + (1 - stepX) / 2) / rayDirX);
else
perpWallDist = fabs((mapY - rayPosY + (1 - stepY) / 2) / rayDirY);
//Calculate height of line to draw on screen
int lineHeight = abs(int(h / perpWallDist));
//calculate lowest and highest pixel to fill in current stripe
int drawStart = -lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawStart < 0)drawStart = 0;
int drawEnd = lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawEnd >= h)drawEnd = h - 1;
//choose wall color
ColorRGB color;
switch(worldMap[mapX][mapY])
{
case 1: color = RGB_Red; break; //red
case 2: color = RGB_Green; break; //green
case 3: color = RGB_Blue; break; //blue
case 4: color = RGB_White; break; //white
default: color = RGB_Yellow; break; //yellow
}
//give x and y sides different brightness
if (side == 1) {color = color / 2;}
//draw the pixels of the stripe as a vertical line
verLine(x, drawStart, drawEnd, color);
}
//timing for input and FPS counter
oldTime = time;
time = getTime();
Scalar frameTime = (time - oldTime) / 1000.0; //frameTime is the time this frame has taken, in seconds
fprint(1.0 / frameTime); //FPS counter
redraw();
cls();
//speed modifiers
Scalar moveSpeed = frameTime * 5.0; //the constant value is in squares/second
Scalar rotSpeed = frameTime * 3.0; //the constant value is in radians/second
readKeys();
//move forward if no wall in front of you
if (inkeys[SDLK_UP])
{
if(worldMap[int(posX + dirX * moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX += dirX * moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY + dirY * moveSpeed)] == false) posY += dirY * moveSpeed;
}
//move backwards if no wall behind you
if (inkeys[SDLK_DOWN])
{
if(worldMap[int(posX - dirX * moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX -= dirX * moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY - dirY * moveSpeed)] == false) posY -= dirY * moveSpeed;
}
//rotate to the right
if (inkeys[SDLK_RIGHT])
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
Scalar oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX * cos(-rotSpeed) - dirY * sin(-rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX * sin(-rotSpeed) + dirY * cos(-rotSpeed);
Scalar oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX * cos(-rotSpeed) - planeY * sin(-rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX * sin(-rotSpeed) + planeY * cos(-rotSpeed);
}
//rotate to the left
if (inkeys[SDLK_LEFT])
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
Scalar oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX * cos(rotSpeed) - dirY * sin(rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX * sin(rotSpeed) + dirY * cos(rotSpeed);
Scalar oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX * cos(rotSpeed) - planeY * sin(rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX * sin(rotSpeed) + planeY * cos(rotSpeed);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
Code won't compile
Author
I get many erros when compileing the following code:
I get the following errors:
37 raycasterc.cpp
syntax error before `='
38 raycasterc.cpp
syntax error before `='
39 raycasterc.cpp
syntax error before `='
41 raycasterc.cpp
syntax error before `='
42 raycasterc.cpp
syntax error before `='
46 raycasterc.cpp
implicit declaration of function `int screen(...)'
48 raycasterc.cpp
implicit declaration of function `int done(...)'
53 raycasterc.cpp
`w' undeclared (first use this function)
56 raycasterc.cpp
`Scalar' undeclared (first use this function)
56 raycasterc.cpp
parse error before `='
64 raycasterc.cpp
`rayPosX' undeclared (first use this function)
65 raycasterc.cpp
`rayPosY' undeclared (first use this function)
68 raycasterc.cpp
parse error before `;'
84 raycasterc.cpp
`rayDirX' undeclared (first use this function)
87 raycasterc.cpp
`sideDistX' undeclared (first use this function)
87 raycasterc.cpp
`deltaDistX' undeclared (first use this function)
94 raycasterc.cpp
`rayDirY' undeclared (first use this function)
94 raycasterc.cpp
`rayDirY' undeclared (first use this function)
97 raycasterc.cpp
`sideDistY' undeclared (first use this function)
97 raycasterc.cpp
`deltaDistY' undeclared (first use this function)
127 raycasterc.cpp
`perpWallDist' undeclared (first use this function)
132 raycasterc.cpp
`h' undeclared (first use this function)
141 raycasterc.cpp
`ColorRGB' undeclared (first use this function)
141 raycasterc.cpp
parse error before `;'
144 raycasterc.cpp
`color' undeclared (first use this function)
144 raycasterc.cpp
`RGB_Red' undeclared (first use this function)
145 raycasterc.cpp
`RGB_Green' undeclared (first use this function)
146 raycasterc.cpp
`RGB_Blue' undeclared (first use this function)
147 raycasterc.cpp
`RGB_White' undeclared (first use this function)
148 raycasterc.cpp
`RGB_Yellow' undeclared (first use this function)
I am trying to make a raycaster, and this is basically it. can someone tell me whats wrong? also, the raycaster tutorial im using from http://www.student.kuleuven.ac.be/~m0216922/CG/raycasting.html uses a codebase called quickCG, and when I download it to use it, there is no code present in the file at all. I have downloaded it several times, thinking that perhpas it downloaded wrong, but that isnt the problem. any help on this?
and last, could someone possibly just send me a dev c++ project file with working code for this if I cant get it working?
Hope someone can help!
[Edited by - jakpandora on September 29, 2004 5:08:04 PM]
Hmm I'm not too sure if Scalar is defined in SDL, but I doubt it is. That's your problem, the compiler doesn't know where this Scalar type came from. You'll either have to make your own equivilant type, or get that library working.
int worldMap[mapWidth][mapHeight]={ {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}, {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}};Rearrange your data like this, see if that works.
I believe the problem is that you dont have the quickCG files since that is where things like Scalar are defined. Not having that defined would give you the type of error you are getting on line 37. I tried downloading and unzipping the quickCG files and it worked fine for me.
Author
I thought that was my problem, too. I download the file, but for some reason, there is no code in the source files at all. could someone send this to me please? my email is above.
Author
I still cant get it to work! whenever I try to download the codebase, none of the source files have any code in them. can someone please send me the codebase? it only takes a minute, and ill rate you up.(hopefully that will entice you)
I uploaded it to my webspace, and even downloaded it from there and checked the contents to make sure that the code was there. So if you download this and it doesnt contain any files then there is something wrong with your computer.
Download me baby!
I dont know how legit it is to host the code on my site so I will only keep it there a couple of days. Let me know if you have any problems.
Download me baby!
I dont know how legit it is to host the code on my site so I will only keep it there a couple of days. Let me know if you have any problems.
Author
Thanks! ill rate you up! unfortunatly, there is still no code present in the c++ file, despite the fact that they are several kilobytes large.(its like the codes there, but I cant see it)every other file downloads perfectly, I dont know why this one doesnt. Sorry for causing you all the trouble. Could someone please post the code that goes in these files so I can put it in manally?
Author
could somebody please post the code thats in these files please! it will only take a second! you can post them here, or E-mail them to me.
*EDIT* fixed the problem. for some reason, when I open up the *.dev file, no code shows up. however, when I open up each .cpp file individually, the code appears. weird. anyways, im sure ill make some other type of mistake along the way, so be ready for me :)
[Edited by - jakpandora on September 29, 2004 5:42:03 PM]
*EDIT* fixed the problem. for some reason, when I open up the *.dev file, no code shows up. however, when I open up each .cpp file individually, the code appears. weird. anyways, im sure ill make some other type of mistake along the way, so be ready for me :)
[Edited by - jakpandora on September 29, 2004 5:42:03 PM]
This topic is closed to new replies.
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