# my first game - blackjack

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braclayrab    160
I'm using C++ to do my first game. I'm going to try to implement graphics later. Right now I'm just using cout and cin. Anyway, I'm having an issue where my program freezes and I can't discern why. It takes input for the bet and then just quits. I added some output right after the call to makebet() but I never see the output. BTW, I'm also using VC++ Thanks in advance.
#include<iostream.h>
#include <ctime>
#include<cstdlib>

class dealer
{
public:
void initdealer();			//sets hand to 0
void initdeck();			//refills deck
void dlrplay();
int showhand();
void dlrcard(int card);		//tallies dlrhand
int deal();
private:
int aces;
int dlrhand;				//The value of the dealer's hand
int deck[52];				//The deck will not actually be shuffled and will instead
};								//draw a random card from an 'organized' deck.
//A card's presence will be held in this array with a 1 meaning
//the card is still in the deck and a 0 meaning it has aready been dealt

class player
{
public:
player();
void initplayer();			//sets hand to 0
int getbet();				//gets wager from player
void makebet();
int showhand();
void plrcard(int card, int whichcard);		//tallies plrhand
char getplay();				//hit or stay
char getfirstplay();		//includes the possibility to double-down or split
void won();
void lost();
int getbankroll();
private:
int aces;
int plrhand;
int cardone;				//needed for splitting
int cardtwo;				//
int bankroll;
int bet;
};

main()
{
char play;

srand((unsigned)time(0));

dealer dlr;
player plr;

plr.makebet();

cout <<"wtf?";

while(plr.getbet() != 0)
{
dlr.initdealer();
dlr.initdeck();
plr.initplayer();

for(int i=0; i<2; i++)
{
plr.plrcard(dlr.deal(),i);
dlr.dlrcard(dlr.deal());
}

cout << "player shows " << plr.showhand() << endl;

play = plr.getfirstplay();

if (play == 'd')
{
plr.plrcard(dlr.deal(),2);
}

while(play == 'h' && plr.showhand() <= 21)
{
play = plr.getplay();
if (play == 'h')
plr.plrcard(dlr.deal(),2);
}

//if(play == s)

dlr.dlrplay();

if(plr.showhand() > 21)
{
cout << "Player shows " << plr.showhand() << "\nYou busted\n";
plr.lost();
}
else if (dlr.showhand() > 21)
{
cout << "Dealer shows " << dlr.showhand() << "\nDealer busted\n";
plr.won();
}
else
{
cout<< "Dealer shows " << dlr.showhand() << ".\nPlayer shows " << plr.showhand() << endl;

if (dlr.showhand() > plr.showhand())
{
cout << "You lost...\n";
plr.lost();
}
else if (plr.showhand() > dlr.showhand())
{
cout << "You Won!\n";
plr.won();
}
else
{
cout << "Push\n";
}
}

plr.makebet();

}

return(0);
}

void dealer::initdealer()
{
cout << "initdlr\n";
aces = 0;
dlrhand = 0;
cout << "initdealer\n";
}

void dealer::initdeck()
{
for(int i=0; i<52; i++)
deck[i] = 1;
}

void dealer::dlrplay()
{
while(showhand() < 17)
dlrcard(deal());
}

int dealer::showhand()
{
return dlrhand;
}

void dealer::dlrcard(int card)
{
int suit;
int value;

suit = 52/card;
value = 52%card;
cout <<"Dealer gets " << value << " of " << suit << endl;
if(value  == 0)
value = 10;		//this is the king
if(value > 10)
value = 10;		//this is the jack or queen
else if(value ==1)
{
aces++;			//This is the aces.  Aces count as 11 unless that would push
value = 11;		//the hand value above 21.
}

if(showhand() > 21 && aces > 0)
{
aces--;							//This counts the aces being tallied as 11.
dlrhand = dlrhand - 10;			//
}
}

int dealer::deal()
{

int i;

do
{
i = 1 + int(52*rand()/(RAND_MAX + 1.0));
} while (deck[i] != 0);

deck[i] = 0;		//1 is A of spades, 14 A of diamonds
return(i);			//27 hearts, 40 clubs.  13 is king of spades.
}

player::player()
{
bankroll = 100;
}

void player::initplayer()
{
aces = 0;
plrhand = 0;
cardone = 0;
cardtwo = 0;
}

int player::getbet()
{
return bet;
cout << "getbet " << bet << endl;
}

void player::makebet()
{
cout << "How much would you like to bet?(0 to quit)\n";
cin >> bet;
cout << "You wagered " << bet << endl;
}

int player::showhand()
{
return plrhand;
}

void player::plrcard(int card, int whichcard)
{
int suit;
int value;

if(whichcard = 0)
cardone = card;
else
cardtwo = card;

suit = 52/card;
value = 52%card;

cout <<"You get " << value << " of " << suit << endl;

if(value  == 0)
value = 10;		//this is the king
if(value > 10)
value = 10;		//this is the jack or queen
else if(value == 1)
{
aces++;			//This is the aces.  Aces count as 11 unless that would make
value = 11;		//the hand value greater than 21, which is dealt with next.
}

if(showhand() > 21 && aces > 0)
{
aces--;							//This counts the aces being tallied as 11.
plrhand = plrhand - 10;			//
}
}

char player::getplay()
{
char ply = 'u';
while(ply != 'h' || ply != 's')
{
cout << "What play? h= hit, s = stay\n";
cin >> ply;
}

return ply;
}

char player::getfirstplay()
{
char ply = 'u';
while(ply != 'h' || ply != 's' || ply != 'd' || ply != 'p')
{
cout << "What play? h= hit, s = stay, d = double, p = split\n";
cin >> ply;
}

if (ply == 'd')
{
bet = 2*bet;
}

return ply;
}

void player::won()
{
bankroll = bankroll + bet;
}

void player::lost()
{
bankroll = bankroll - bet;
}

int player::getbankroll()
{
return bankroll;
}



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SirKnight    316
Your problem is in this function: int dealer::deal()

You check while deck[i] is not equal to 0 then loop. Well every single value in deck is a 1 because of the function void dealer::initdeck(). So this will ALWAYS be the case, thus you have an infinite loop.

I would highly suggest to learn how to use the Visual Studio debugger. It's what I used to figure out why your program just sits there. Set a breakpoint at a particular point in your code, hit run then you can step through each line of code with F10. Or if you want to jump inside a function and execute each of its lines, use F11. Anyway, just mess around with it and google for visual studio debugger.

-SirKnight

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braclayrab    160
Thanks a lot for the help and the advice too. I'll check it out. It looks like i have some more debugging to do anyway! lol

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Zahlman    1682
The reason you didn't see the "wtf?" output, BTW (even though there is stuff going on between there and the infinite loop) is that there is no endl. The standard output stream 'cout' is line-buffered by default; so nothing shows up until the next buffer flush ("endl" is a newline and a "flush" combined, basically).

Debugging messages should go to cerr (which does not have this buffering by default), anyway. I am guilty of not practicing what I preach, though. :)

Yeah, you want to loop while deck[i] == 0; that is, keep looping *until* you find a valid card. I am understanding things such that your "deck" is an array of 1 or 0 values indicating whether the card is still there. You also don't want to add 1, because 0 is a valid array index.

This is not very elegant though, especially if you're going to play several games without refreshing the deck. (Or alternatively, think about reusing your "card" code for card games that use the whole deck). And if you run out of cards, there's no check for that, so you find out "the hard way". :)

This page provides some good ideas about the problem of "shuffling". My favourite idea is to do the shuffling "on demand". Here is a sketch of one possible implementation:

class Deck {  vector<char> cards; // values 0 to 51  // I am using the actual card values, rather than assigning  // meaning to array positions. I'm also using a vector to allow  // for "future expansion". And trust me, you want your "card  // values" to start at 0 if you're doing arithmetic to  // translate them.  int num_remaining;  public:  Deck(int num_cards = 52): cards(vector<char>(num_cards)) {    for (int i = 0; i < num_cards; i++) {      cards[i] = i;    }    reset();  }  void reset() {    // Reclaim all cards as being undealt.    num_remaining = cards.size();    // Now, previous getCard() calls may have reordered things    // all over the place, but that doesn't matter for our    // purposes since we're shuffling things anyway - we still    // have all values from 0 to num_cards-1 once each, in    // some order.  }  Card getCard() {    // Deal a random card.    // Here is the tricky part, and what makes 'reset()' work.    // We are going to pick a card index from 0 to     // num_remaining-1, and *swap* it with card num_remaining-1.     // The card that we're "moving to the front" is the dealt     // card; we put the card that was in that spot back into the     // middle of the deck so it can be dealt later.    if (num_remaining == 0) throw OhTehNos();    // OK, so there is at least one card. Choose one of them    int selection = int(rand()/(RAND_MAX / num_remaining));    // Adding 1 to RAND_MAX might not be a good idea, because it    // *could* be int-sized. I think this way works...    std::swap(cards[selection], cards[num_remaining - 1]);    // if that is the same card, that's ok. Yay std::swap.    // Anyway. That cards[num_remaining - 1] is the card we want    num_remaining--;    // Make a Card represented by the number    return Card(cards[num_remaining]);  }}

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Rob Loach    1504
Nicely done.

One note to make your life easier though, use Hungarian Notation.

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kSquared    1356
I'm not sure that HN is necessarily a good choice here. Especially for beginners who may be frequently changing data types as they learn how to use the language, Hungarian notation can lead to nightmares of name-changing to reflect the new types. Indeed, a lot of reputable people now say it's a poor design technique because it overemphasizes the importance of a variable's type.

Additionally, since the OP says he has Visual Studio, a lot of the need for HN can be obviated by the IDE. IntelliSense is a good thing.