virtual member functions and try/catch
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can someone please explain those, im just not getting it, i get try catch a little, but the throw thing is confusing, and virtualmember functions don't make sense, what does OVERRIDE mean, please help me
thanks in advance
From the C++ FAQ lite:
What does throw; (without an exception object after the throw keyword) mean? Where would I use it?
What is a "virtual member function"?
What does throw; (without an exception object after the throw keyword) mean? Where would I use it?
What is a "virtual member function"?
Quote:Original post by Avont29
... virtualmember functions don't make sense, what does OVERRIDE mean, please help me
Virtual member functions allow you to call a derived class' function with a pointer or reference to the base class. For a simple demonstration:
#include <iostream>#include <vector>using std::cout;using std::endl;class subsystem {public: virtual void init() {;} // calls to these functions will be forwarded virtual void quit() {;} // to any derived class that implements it. virtual ~subsystem() {;} // <- same here};class video : public subsystem {public: void init() { cout << "subsystem init: video" << endl; return; } void quit() { cout << "subsystem quit: video" << endl; return; } ~video() { cout << "deleting video" << endl; return; }};class input : public subsystem {public: void init() { cout << "subsystem init: input" << endl; return; } void quit() { cout << "subsystem quit: input" << endl; return; } ~input() { cout << "deleting input" << endl; return; }}; int main() { cout << "create a vector of subsystem pointers ..." << endl << endl; std::vector< subsystem * > subs; // notice we're storing pointers to base class here // allocate and store pointers to derived subsystems video * vid = new video; input * inp = new input; subs.push_back( vid ); subs.push_back( inp ); cout << "polymorphically call the derived subsystems' init():" << endl; std::vector< subsystem * >::iterator sub = subs.begin(); while( sub != subs.end() ) { (*sub++)->init(); // this call gets transferred to video::init() and input::init() } cout << "polymorphically call the derived subsystems' quit(), then delete subsystem:" << endl; sub = subs.begin(); while( sub != subs.end() ) { (*sub)->quit(); // this call gets transferred to video::quit() and input::quit() delete (*sub++); // this call gets transferred to video::~video() and input::~input() } return 0;}EDIT: cleaned up code a bit
[Edited by - stylin on October 9, 2005 3:14:16 AM]
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Quote:Original post by stylinQuote:Original post by Avont29
... virtualmember functions don't make sense, what does OVERRIDE mean, please help me
Virtual member functions allow you to call a derived class' function with a pointer or reference to the base class. For a simple demonstration:*** Source Snippet Removed ***
EDIT: cleaned up code a bit
so when you call one of the video functions like void init, it actually calls the other one in the subsystem baseclass?
Quote:Original post by Avont29
so when you call one of the video functions like void init, it actually calls the other one in the subsystem baseclass?
No, it's the reverse. The derived class overrides the base class function, so when you call the base class function, it gets rerouted to the derived class' version. Making a function virtual means that it can be replaced by a function in a derived class. That means that the derived class can implement it's own specialized version of the function, and override the base class' original.
EDIT: Think about a 2D shape base class. All 2D shapes have an area, but the formula is different for a circle, square, triangle, octogon, etc. A 2d shape base class doesn't know how to compute any specific area, so it declares a virtual function float shape_2d::area() in which the derived classes can override to implement their own area formula. (in this case float shape2D::area() would be declared as a pure virtual function, which simply means that any class deriving from shape_2d must override this function.)
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Quote:Original post by stylinQuote:Original post by Avont29
so when you call one of the video functions like void init, it actually calls the other one in the subsystem baseclass?
No, it's the reverse. The derived class overrides the base class function, so when you call the base class function, it gets rerouted to the derived class' version. Making a function virtual means that it can be replaced by a function in a derived class. That means that the derived class can implement it's own specialized version of the function, and override the base class' original.
soif i had something like
class animal{public: virtual void sleep();}class dog{public: void sleep();}dog max;max.sleep() this would call dog::sleep right? because, the virtual keyword
//makes the animal:sleep function bound late.
Quote:Original post by Avont29
soif i had something like
*** Source Snippet Removed ***
this would call dog::sleep right? because, the virtual keyword
It would call dog::sleep because you're calling dog::sleep directly. You must actually derive dog from animal. Take a look at the following snippet, and see if you can dissect it:
#include <iostream>using std::cout;using std::endl;class base {public: virtual void virtual_function() { cout << "base::v_f()" << endl; return;}};class derived: public base {public: virtual void virtual_function() { cout << "derived::v_f()" << endl; return;}};int main() { // point to a base and a derived class with a base class pointer base * pb1( new base ); // pb1 points to a base class base * pb2( new derived ) ; // pb2 points to a derived class // both of these call base::virtual_function() pb1->virtual_function(); // this calls through a pointer (*pb1).virtual_function(); // this calls through a reference // both of these call derived::virtual_function(), since pb2 // points to a derived class that overrides virtual_function() pb2->virtual_function(); // this calls through a pointer (*pb2).virtual_function(); // this calls through a reference delete pb1; delete pb2; return 0;}
Author
Quote:Original post by stylinQuote:Original post by Avont29
soif i had something like
*** Source Snippet Removed ***
this would call dog::sleep right? because, the virtual keyword
It would call dog::sleep because you're calling dog::sleep directly. You must actually derive dog from animal. Take a look at the following snippet, and see if you can dissect it:*** Source Snippet Removed ***
oh, yea, i forgot to make dog a subclass of animal with public, sorry
so am i right?
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