I'm working on my current project called Logo 3D, which is a 3D version of Logo(that turtle). However, there is a problem about tracking the routine of the turtle. The following is a code segment of the 'forward function' in Logo 2D:

forward(int distance) {
    //calculate the new position:
    newX+=distance*Math.cos(Math.PI*theta/180.0);
    newY+=distance*Math.sin(Math.PI*theta/180.0);

So what does the 3D one look like?

You'll have to use spherical coordinates for that one...
They are 3 scalar coordinates; 'rho' is the distance from the origin, 'phi' is the longitude of the point in [0, 2pi] and 'theta' is the latitude angle in [-pi/2, pi/2]

To convert from spherical to cartesian and vice versa...

x = rho*cos(phi)*cos(theta)y = rho*sin(phi)*cos(theta)z = rho*sin(theta)----------------------------rho   = sqrt(x2 + y2 + z2)phi   = atan2(y,x)theta = atan2(z,sqrt(x2+y2))

edit:
If you can't use atan2, use any implementation of atan() that takes into account the quadrant in which the point lies. That means, don't use a version of atan() that returns results in the range [-pi/2, pi/2]. In that case, you'll have to calculate the angles as such: (at least the 'phi' one)

phi   = atan(y/x)theta = atan(z/sqrt(x2+y2))

it works!
Thank you very much.