// include the basic windows header files and the Direct3D header file#include <windows.h>#include <windowsx.h>#include <d3d9.h>// include the Direct3D Library file#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")// global declarationsLPDIRECT3D9 d3d;    // the pointer to our Direct3D interfaceLPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;    // the pointer to the device class// function prototypesvoid initD3D(HWND hWnd);    // sets up and initializes Direct3Dvoid render_frame(void);    // renders a single framevoid cleanD3D(void);    // closes Direct3D and releases memory// the WindowProc function prototypeLRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);// the entry point for any Windows programint WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,                   int nCmdShow){    HWND hWnd;    WNDCLASSEX wc;    ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WindowProc;    wc.hInstance = hInstance;    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW;    wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";    RegisterClassEx(&wc);    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,                          "WindowClass",                          "Our First Direct3D Program",                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,                          300, 300,                          640, 480,                          NULL,                          NULL,                          hInstance,                          NULL);    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);    // set up and initialize Direct3D    initD3D(hWnd);    // enter the main loop:    MSG msg;    while(TRUE)    {        DWORD starting_point = GetTickCount();        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))        {            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)                break;            TranslateMessage(&msg);            DispatchMessage(&msg);        }        render_frame();        while ((GetTickCount() - starting_point) < 25);    }    // clean up DirectX and COM    cleanD3D();    return msg.wParam;}// this is the main message handler for the programLRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){    switch(message)    {        case WM_DESTROY:            {                PostQuitMessage(0);                return 0;            } break;    }    return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);}// this function initializes and prepares Direct3D for usevoid initD3D(HWND hWnd){    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);    // create the Direct3D interface    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;    // create a struct to hold various device information    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));    // clear out the struct for use    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;    // program windowed, not fullscreen    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;    // discard old frames    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;    // set the window to be used by Direct3D    // create a device class using this information and the info from the d3dpp stuct    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,                      D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,                      hWnd,                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,                      &d3dpp,                      &d3ddev);    return;}// this is the function used to render a single framevoid render_frame(void){    // clear the window to a deep blue    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 40, 100), 1.0f, 0);    d3ddev->BeginScene();    // begins the 3D scene    // do 3D rendering on the back buffer here    d3ddev->EndScene();    // ends the 3D scene    d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);   // displays the created frame on the screen    return;}// this is the function that cleans up Direct3D and COMvoid cleanD3D(void){    d3ddev->Release();    // close and release the 3D device    d3d->Release();    // close and release Direct3D    return;}

#ifndef _main_h#define _main_h#include <windows.h>#include <windowsx.h>#include <d3d9.h>#include <d3dx9.h>// include the Direct3D Library file#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib")//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Global variables//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------LPDIRECT3D9             g_pD3D       = NULL; // Used to create the D3DDeviceLPDIRECT3DDEVICE9       g_pd3dDevice = NULL; // Our rendering device// function prototypesHRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd );    // sets up and initializes Direct3DVOID Render();    // renders a single frameVOID Cleanup();		// closes Direct3D and releases memoryconst int FPS		    =   60;const int SCREEN_WIDTH	=	1024;const int SCREEN_HEIGHT	=	768;const int WINDOW_WIDTH	=	640;const int WINDOW_HEIGHT	=	480;#endif

#include "main.h"// the WindowProc function prototypeLRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd,							UINT message,							WPARAM wParam,							LPARAM lParam);int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,				   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,				   LPSTR lpCmdLine,				   int nCmdShow){	// the handle for the window, filled by a function    HWND hWnd;    // this struct holds information for the window class    WNDCLASSEX wc;	// clear out the window class for use	ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));		// set the window class properties	wc.cbSize			= sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);	wc.style			= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;	wc.lpfnWndProc		= (WNDPROC)WindowProc;	wc.hInstance		= hInstance;	wc.hCursor			= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_HAND);	wc.hbrBackground	= (HBRUSH)COLOR_MENUBAR;	wc.lpszClassName	= L"WINDOWS_CLASS_1";	// register the window class	RegisterClassEx(&wc);	// create window and use it as the handle	hWnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE,							L"WINDOWS_CLASS_1",							L"GAME WINDOW",							WS_OVERLAPPED,							SCREEN_WIDTH/2 - WINDOW_WIDTH/2,							SCREEN_HEIGHT/2 - WINDOW_HEIGHT/2,							WINDOW_WIDTH,							WINDOW_HEIGHT,							NULL,							NULL,							hInstance,							NULL);	// display window on the screen	ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);	// set up and initialize Direct3D    InitD3D(hWnd);		// this struct holds Windows event messages	MSG msg;		// Enter the infinite message loop	while(true)	{		// find out the starting time of each loop        DWORD starting_point = GetTickCount();		// Check to see if any messages are waiting in the queue		if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))		{			// If the message is WM_QUIT, exit the while loop			if (msg.message == WM_QUIT || msg.wParam == VK_ESCAPE)				break;			// translate keystroke messages into the right format			TranslateMessage(&msg);			// send the message to the WindowProc function			DispatchMessage(&msg);		}		//Game Code Here...		Render();		// wait until 1/40th of a second has passed        while ((GetTickCount() - starting_point) < 1/FPS);	}		// clean up DirectX and COM    Cleanup();	return msg.wParam;}// this is the main message handler for the programLRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){	// sort through and find what code to run for the message given	switch(message)	{		case WM_DESTROY:			{				//close application entirely				PostQuitMessage(0);				return 0;			}			break;	}	 // Handle any messages the switch statement didn't    return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);}//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Name: InitD3D()// Desc: Initializes Direct3D//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------HRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd ){    // Create the D3D object, which is needed to create the D3DDevice.    if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )        return E_FAIL;    // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice. Most parameters are    // zeroed out. We set Windowed to TRUE, since we want to do D3D in a    // window, and then set the SwapEffect to "discard", which is the most    // efficient method of presenting the back buffer to the display.  And     // we request a back buffer format that matches the current desktop display     // format.    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;     ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;    // Create the Direct3D device. Here we are using the default adapter (most    // systems only have one, unless they have multiple graphics hardware cards    // installed) and requesting the HAL (which is saying we want the hardware    // device rather than a software one). Software vertex processing is     // specified since we know it will work on all cards. On cards that support     // hardware vertex processing, though, we would see a big performance gain     // by specifying hardware vertex processing.    if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,                                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,                                      &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )    {        return E_FAIL;    }    // Device state would normally be set here    return S_OK;}//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Name: Cleanup()// Desc: Releases all previously initialized objects//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------VOID Cleanup(){    if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL)         g_pd3dDevice->Release();    if( g_pD3D != NULL)        g_pD3D->Release();}//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------// Name: Render()// Desc: Draws the scene//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------VOID Render(){    if( NULL == g_pd3dDevice )        return;    // Clear the backbuffer to a blue color    g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255), 1.0f, 0 );        // Begin the scene    if( SUCCEEDED( g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )    {        // Rendering of scene objects can happen here            // End the scene        g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();    }    // Present the backbuffer contents to the display    g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );}