Hello there, I am currently trying to optimize my hierarchical object transformation pipeline. I'm using the typical approach: glPushMatrix() .. .. object specific transformation goes here .. render object .. glPopMatrix() OK, now which one is faster: glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(Object->T.x, Object->T.y, Object->T.z) glRotatef(Object->R.angle, Object->R.x, Object->R.y, Object->R.z) glScalef(Object->S.x, Object->S.y, Object->S.z) ... render it glPopMatrix() or this one: glPushMatrix() glMultMatrix(Object->LocalMatrix) ... render object glPopMatrix() I personally like the second one, it has lower overhead and less memory references, but I read somewhere, that glMultMatrix and glLoadMatrix are quite slow ? And what about the performance of glPushMatrix and glPopMatrix ? I assume that on newer 3d cards with hardwired t&l this should be implemented in hardware and therefore very fast ? Thanks ! A.H aka Blueshift Edited by - Blueshift on July 5, 2001 3:09:15 PM