Hi..., I am new to Direct3D programming, i need some help in setting the projection and view matrix and viewports, i have downloaded the sample code given in the Internet and ran program it works fine. i have paste the sample code.. here the input data g_cubeVertices[] = { }, the data's(vertex x y z positions) are in the range of { -1 to 1 },if i give any input data (quad ) within the -1 to 1 it will draw, suppose if i enter some Quad data with the range of ( 0 to 100 )...it is drawing some where... How to fit view the model to the screen .. #include <windows.h> #include <d3d9.h> #include <d3dx9.h> #include "resource.h" //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // GLOBALS //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- HWND g_hWnd = NULL; LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL; LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL; LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVertexBuffer = NULL; LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVertexBuffer_Indexed = NULL; LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 g_pIndexBuffer = NULL; bool g_bUseIndexedGeometry = true; float g_fSpinX = 0.0f; float g_fSpinY = 0.0f; struct Vertex { float x, y, z; DWORD color; enum FVF { FVF_Flags = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE }; }; // // To understand how indexed geometry works, we must first build something // which can be optimized through the use of indices. // // Below, is the vertex data for a simple multi-colored cube, which is defined // as 6 individual quads, one quad for each of the cube's six sides. At first, // this doesn’t seem too wasteful, but trust me it is. // // You see, we really only need 8 vertices to define a simple cube, but since // we're using a quad list, we actually have to repeat the usage of our 8 // vertices 3 times each. To make this more understandable, I've actually // numbered the vertices below so you can see how the vertices get repeated // during the cube's definition. // // Note how the first 8 vertices are unique. Everything else after that is just // a repeat of the first 8. // Vertex g_cubeVertices[] = { // Quad 0 {-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 0 (unique) { 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 1 (unique) {-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 2 (unique) { 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 3 (unique) // Quad 1 {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 4 (unique) {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 5 (unique) { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 6 (unique) { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 7 (unique) // Quad 2 {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 4 (start repeating here) { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 6 (repeat of vertex 6) {-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 0 (repeat of vertex 0... etc.) { 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 1 // Quad 3 {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 5 {-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 2 { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 7 { 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 3 // Quad 4 { 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 1 { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 6 { 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 3 { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 7 // Quad 5 {-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 0 {-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 2 {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 4 {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) } // 5 }; // // Now, to save ourselves the bandwidth of passing a bunch or redundant vertices // down the graphics pipeline, we shorten our vertex list and pass only the // unique vertices. We then create a indices array, which contains index values // that reference vertices in our vertex array. // // In other words, the vertex array doens't actually define our cube anymore, // it only holds the unique vertices; it's the indices array that now defines // the cube's geometry. // Vertex g_cubeVertices_indexed[] = { {-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 0 { 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 1 {-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 2 { 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // 3 {-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 4 {-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 5 { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // 6 { 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) } // 7 }; WORD g_cubeIndices[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, // Quad 0 4, 5, 6, 7, // Quad 1 4, 6, 0, 1, // Quad 2 5, 2, 7, 3, // Quad 3 1, 6, 3, 7, // Quad 4 0, 2, 4, 5 // Quad 5 }; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // PROTOTYPES //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow); LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); void init(void); void shutDown(void); void render(void); //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: WinMain() // Desc: The application's entry point //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) { WNDCLASSEX winClass; MSG uMsg; memset(&uMsg,0,sizeof(uMsg)); winClass.lpszClassName = "MY_WINDOWS_CLASS"; winClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); winClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; winClass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc; winClass.hInstance = hInstance; winClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DIRECTX_ICON); winClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DIRECTX_ICON); winClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); winClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); winClass.lpszMenuName = NULL; winClass.cbClsExtra = 0; winClass.cbWndExtra = 0; if( !RegisterClassEx(&winClass) ) return E_FAIL; g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx( NULL, "MY_WINDOWS_CLASS", "Direct3D (DX9) - Indexed Geometry", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE, 0, 0, 640, 480, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL ); if( g_hWnd == NULL ) return E_FAIL; ShowWindow( g_hWnd, nCmdShow ); UpdateWindow( g_hWnd ); init(); while( uMsg.message != WM_QUIT ) { if( PeekMessage( &uMsg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) ) { TranslateMessage( &uMsg ); DispatchMessage( &uMsg ); } else render(); } shutDown(); UnregisterClass( "MY_WINDOWS_CLASS", winClass.hInstance ); return uMsg.wParam; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: WindowProc() // Desc: The window's message handler //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { static POINT ptLastMousePosit; static POINT ptCurrentMousePosit; static bool bMousing; switch( msg ) { case WM_KEYDOWN: { switch( wParam ) { case VK_ESCAPE: PostQuitMessage(0); break; case VK_F1: g_bUseIndexedGeometry = !g_bUseIndexedGeometry; break; } } break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { ptLastMousePosit.x = ptCurrentMousePosit.x = LOWORD (lParam); ptLastMousePosit.y = ptCurrentMousePosit.y = HIWORD (lParam); bMousing = true; } break; case WM_LBUTTONUP: { bMousing = false; } break; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: { ptCurrentMousePosit.x = LOWORD (lParam); ptCurrentMousePosit.y = HIWORD (lParam); if( bMousing ) { g_fSpinX -= (ptCurrentMousePosit.x - ptLastMousePosit.x); g_fSpinY -= (ptCurrentMousePosit.y - ptLastMousePosit.y); } ptLastMousePosit.x = ptCurrentMousePosit.x; ptLastMousePosit.y = ptCurrentMousePosit.y; } break; case WM_CLOSE: { PostQuitMessage(0); } case WM_DESTROY: { PostQuitMessage(0); } break; default: { return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam ); } break; } return 0; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: init() // Desc: //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- void init( void ) { g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ); D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm; g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm ); D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) ); d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE; d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = d3ddm.Format; d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE; d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16; d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE; g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hWnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ); g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE ); g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE ); D3DXMATRIX matProj; D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DXToRadian( 45.0f ), 640.0f / 480.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f ); g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj ); // // Create a vertex buffer... // g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 24*sizeof(Vertex), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, Vertex::FVF_Flags, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVertexBuffer, NULL ); void *pVertices = NULL; g_pVertexBuffer->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_cubeVertices), (void**)&pVertices, 0 ); memcpy( pVertices, g_cubeVertices, sizeof(g_cubeVertices) ); g_pVertexBuffer->Unlock(); // // Create a vertex buffer, which contains indexed geometry... // g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, Vertex::FVF_Flags, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVertexBuffer_Indexed, NULL ); pVertices = NULL; g_pVertexBuffer_Indexed->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_cubeVertices_indexed), (void**)&pVertices, 0 ); memcpy( pVertices, g_cubeVertices_indexed, sizeof(g_cubeVertices_indexed) ); g_pVertexBuffer_Indexed->Unlock(); // // Create an index buffer to use with our indexed vertex buffer... // g_pd3dDevice->CreateIndexBuffer( 24*sizeof(WORD), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pIndexBuffer, NULL ); WORD *pIndices = NULL; g_pIndexBuffer->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_cubeIndices), (void**)&pIndices, 0 ); memcpy( pIndices, g_cubeIndices, sizeof(g_cubeIndices) ); g_pIndexBuffer->Unlock(); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: shutDown() // Desc: //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- void shutDown( void ) { if( g_pVertexBuffer != NULL ) g_pVertexBuffer->Release(); if( g_pVertexBuffer_Indexed != NULL ) g_pVertexBuffer_Indexed->Release(); if( g_pIndexBuffer != NULL ) g_pIndexBuffer->Release(); if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL ) g_pd3dDevice->Release(); if( g_pD3D != NULL ) g_pD3D->Release(); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Name: render() // Desc: //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- void render( void ) { g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f), 1.0f, 0 ); D3DXMATRIX matTrans; D3DXMATRIX matRot; D3DXMATRIX matWorld; D3DXMatrixTranslation( &matTrans, 0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f ); D3DXMatrixRotationYawPitchRoll( &matRot, D3DXToRadian(g_fSpinX), D3DXToRadian(g_fSpinY), 0.0f ); matWorld = matRot * matTrans; g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld ); g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene(); if( g_bUseIndexedGeometry == true ) { g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVertexBuffer_Indexed, 0, sizeof(Vertex) ); g_pd3dDevice->SetIndices( g_pIndexBuffer ); g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( Vertex::FVF_Flags ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 0, 8, 0, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 0, 8, 4, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 0, 8, 8, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 0, 8, 12, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 0, 8, 16, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 0, 8, 20, 2 ); } else { g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(Vertex) ); g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( Vertex::FVF_Flags ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 4, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 8, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 12, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 16, 2 ); g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 20, 2 ); } g_pd3dDevice->EndScene(); g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL ); } Thanks in advance..

Thanks for ur reply , i will try this out

thanks

Thanks .... It Works ...