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What you're asking for is an encyclopedia of military equipment throughout human history, and a primer in how to design quests for a game that will consist largely of quests. It's far too broad for our responses to be particularly useful to your design, and if you've come to a discussion board with such a larval idea, I fear you may not even know what it is you're trying to achieve.

Often, people will confuse video game design and fan fiction. If there's a story you want to tell, or an atmosphere you want to encapsulate, writing a short story or poem will often be a more appropriate way to express it. Game design is fraught with a lot of mundane chores, ranging from designing graphics to balancing weapon types, that a writer can totally ignore. I love me some Heinlein, but trying to make a video game world in which the events of Glory Road might take place would be an exercise in frustration and would no doubt reveal several glaring flaws in the world as presented in the book.

With that out of the way, I recommend that you include chainmail, thick silk shirts, leather pants, a voltaic projector (lightning gun), a spear that can either be used for melee combat or thrown as a projectile and a glove that has spikes on it. Make the players go on quests to collect parts that can then be brought back to a craftsman or headquarters and used to upgrade their weapons and armor. Maybe players could choose a pet that can be used in combat, but requires care and feeding to unlock its true potential, and a set of quests that'll strengthen your emotional bond with it and unleash its latent powers.