pong.c

bpj1138 · 2001-09-08T17:57:13

Here's my PONG source code.. This game program should compile on Windows using the mingw gcc compiler. You will also need DirectX header files. MinGW C compiler: http://www.mingw.org DirectX header files mirror: http://www.geocities.com/bpj1138/directx6_1-cyg.tar.gz compiler commands: gcc -O2 -m486 -mwindows -o pong pong.c -lopengl32 -lglu32 -lglut32 -ldsound strip pong.exe /* * Pong * * This implementation of the classic video game uses * OpenGL, GLUT, and DirectSound libraries. * * Author: * Bart Jaszcz * bpj@po.cwru.edu * http://www.geocities.com/bpj1138/ * */ #include <windows.h> #include <dsound.h> #include <GL/gl.h> #include <GL/glu.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #include <math.h> #include <string.h> void setupGraphics(int, char**); // init GLUT and OpenGL void animateCallback(); // main game loop void displayCallback(); // redraw screen void reshapeCallback(int, int); // resize screen void keyboardCallback(unsigned char, int, int); // key pressed void keyboardUpCallback(unsigned char, int, int); // key released void specialCallback(int, int, int); // non-ascii key press void specialUpCallback(int, int, int); // non-ascii key release void visibilityCallback(int); // if window visible void refreshScore(); // refresh scoreboard void setupSound(); // init DirectSound LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER createSound(double, double); // generate sound clip void playSound(LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER); // play sound clip // sound variables LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lpDSB1, lpDSB2, lpDSB3; LPDIRECTSOUND lpDS; PCMWAVEFORMAT pcmwf; int soundEnabled = FALSE; // graphics variables HWND hWnd; // window handle int windowId = -1; // GLUT window ID int viewportWidth = -1; // screen width int viewportHeight = -1; // screen height int visibilityState = GLUT_NOT_VISIBLE; // if window visible // player 1 & 2 #define PLAYER_ONE 0 #define PLAYER_TWO 1 // game states #define GAME_STOPPED 0 #define GAME_ACTIVE 1 #define BALL_MISSED 2 // player 1 & 2 variables float p1 = 0.0f, p2 = 0.0f; // player 1 & 2 y positions float p1v = 0.0f, p2v = 0.0f; // player 1 & 2 y velocities // ball variables float bx = 0.0f, by = 0.0f; // ball x, y position float vx = 0.0f, vy = 0.0f; // ball velocity // initial game state int gameState = GAME_STOPPED; int nextPlayer = PLAYER_ONE; int playerOnePoints = 0; int playerTwoPoints = 0; int lastTickCount = 0; // dimensions and constants #define BALL_SPEED 2.663f #define PADDLE_SPEED 1.856f #define PADDLE_OFFSET 0.923f #define PADDLE_WIDTH 0.021f #define PADDLE_HEIGHT 0.128f #define WALL_OFFSET 0.735f #define WALL_THICKNESS 0.037f #define BALL_SIZE 0.025f #define DEFLECT 0.081f #define WALL (WALL_OFFSET - WALL_THICKNESS - BALL_SIZE) #define PLANE (PADDLE_OFFSET - PADDLE_WIDTH - BALL_SIZE) // text font void *font = GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24; char scoreString[16]; int scoreLength; double scoreWidth; // main loop void animateCallback() { float elapsedTime; int currentTickCount; float displacement, distance; float py, dx, dy; // get elapsed time currentTickCount = GetTickCount(); elapsedTime = (float) (currentTickCount - lastTickCount) * 0.001f; // in seconds lastTickCount = currentTickCount; // make sure elapsed time is in range if (elapsedTime < 0.001f) elapsedTime = 0.001f; if (elapsedTime > 0.1f) elapsedTime = 0.1f; // multiply ball velocity by elapsed time dx = vx * elapsedTime; dy = vy * elapsedTime; // move ball bx += dx; by += dy; // check if ball is colliding with wall if ((vy > 0.0f) && (by > WALL)) { playSound(lpDSB2); // correct ball position distance = by - WALL; // y overshot by -= distance; // subtract from y // calculate x displacement of same magnitude displacement = distance * dx / dy; bx -= displacement; // subtract from x // negate y velocity (bounce) vy = -vy; } if ((vy < 0.0f) && (by < -WALL)) { playSound(lpDSB2); // correct ball position distance = -by - WALL; // y overshot by += distance; // add to y // calculate x displacement of same magnitude displacement = distance * dx / dy; bx -= displacement; // subtract from x // negate y velocity (bounce) vy = -vy; } // move player two if (p2v != 0.0f) { if (p2v > 0.0f) { if (p2 < (WALL_OFFSET - WALL_THICKNESS - PADDLE_HEIGHT)) p2 += p2v * elapsedTime; } else { if (p2 > (-WALL_OFFSET + WALL_THICKNESS + PADDLE_HEIGHT)) p2 += p2v * elapsedTime; } } // move player one if (p1v != 0.0f) { if (p1v > 0.0f) { if (p1 < (WALL_OFFSET - WALL_THICKNESS - PADDLE_HEIGHT)) p1 += p1v * elapsedTime; } else { if (p1 > (-WALL_OFFSET + WALL_THICKNESS + PADDLE_HEIGHT)) p1 += p1v * elapsedTime; } } // check for collision with paddles if (gameState == GAME_ACTIVE) { // player two if ((vx > 0.0f) && (bx > PLANE)) { // figure out where ball crossed paddle plane distance = bx - PLANE; // x overshot displacement = distance * dy / dx; // y displacement of the same magnitude py = by - displacement; // y position where ball crossed plane // calculate distance from where ball crossed plane to where paddle is. displacement = p2 - py; distance = (float) fabs((double) displacement); if (distance > (PADDLE_HEIGHT + BALL_SIZE)) { // player two missed ball gameState = BALL_MISSED; nextPlayer = PLAYER_TWO; } else { // player two returned ball, calculate new velocity playSound(lpDSB1); vy = BALL_SPEED * distance / (PADDLE_HEIGHT + BALL_SIZE + DEFLECT); vx = vy - BALL_SPEED; // get correct direction if (displacement > 0.0f) vy = -vy; } } // player one if ((vx < 0.0f) && (bx < -PLANE)) { // figure out where ball crossed paddle plane distance = -bx - PLANE; // x overshot displacement = distance * dy / dx; // y displacement of the same magnitude py = by - displacement; // y position where ball crossed plane // calculate distance from where ball crossed plane to where paddle is. displacement = p1 - py; distance = (float) fabs((double) displacement); if (distance > (PADDLE_HEIGHT + BALL_SIZE)) { // player one missed ball gameState = BALL_MISSED; nextPlayer = PLAYER_ONE; } else { // player one returned ball, calculate new velocity playSound(lpDSB1); vy = BALL_SPEED * distance / (PADDLE_HEIGHT + BALL_SIZE + DEFLECT); vx = BALL_SPEED - vy; if (displacement > 0.0f) vy = -vy; } } } if (gameState == BALL_MISSED) { // reset ball once it moves out of view if ((vx > 0.0f) && (bx > (1.0f + BALL_SIZE))) { playSound(lpDSB3); gameState = GAME_STOPPED; bx = by = vx = vy = 0.0f; // zero ball position/velocity playerOnePoints++; refreshScore(); } if ((vx < 0.0f) && (bx < -(1.0f + BALL_SIZE))) { playSound(lpDSB3); gameState = GAME_STOPPED; bx = by = vx = vy = 0.0f; // zero ball position/velocity playerTwoPoints++; refreshScore(); } } // only update the screen if window is visible if (visibilityState == GLUT_VISIBLE) glutPostRedisplay(); } // draw screen void displayCallback() { int i; double w, h; // clear screen glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // draw score glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPushMatrix(); glLoadIdentity(); w = (double) viewportWidth; h = (double) viewportHeight; gluOrtho2D(0.0, w, 0.0, h); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glPushMatrix(); glLoadIdentity(); glRasterPos2d((w / 2.0) - (scoreWidth / 2.0), h * 0.9); for (i = 0; i < scoreLength; i++) glutBitmapCharacter(font, scoreString[i]); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPopMatrix(); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glPopMatrix(); // draw polygons glBegin(GL_QUADS); // draw top wall glVertex2f(1.0f, WALL_OFFSET + WALL_THICKNESS); glVertex2f(-1.0f, WALL_OFFSET + WALL_THICKNESS); glVertex2f(-1.0f, WALL_OFFSET - WALL_THICKNESS); glVertex2f(1.0f, WALL_OFFSET - WALL_THICKNESS); // draw bottom wall glVertex2f(1.0f, -WALL_OFFSET + WALL_THICKNESS); glVertex2f(-1.0f, -WALL_OFFSET + WALL_THICKNESS); glVertex2f(-1.0f, -WALL_OFFSET - WALL_THICKNESS); glVertex2f(1.0f, -WALL_OFFSET - WALL_THICKNESS); // draw ball glVertex2f(bx + BALL_SIZE, by + BALL_SIZE); glVertex2f(bx - BALL_SIZE, by + BALL_SIZE); glVertex2f(bx - BALL_SIZE, by - BALL_SIZE); glVertex2f(bx + BALL_SIZE, by - BALL_SIZE); // draw player 2 glVertex2f(PADDLE_OFFSET + PADDLE_WIDTH, p2 + PADDLE_HEIGHT); glVertex2f(PADDLE_OFFSET - PADDLE_WIDTH, p2 + PADDLE_HEIGHT); glVertex2f(PADDLE_OFFSET - PADDLE_WIDTH, p2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT); glVertex2f(PADDLE_OFFSET + PADDLE_WIDTH, p2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT); // draw player 1 glVertex2f(-PADDLE_OFFSET + PADDLE_WIDTH, p1 + PADDLE_HEIGHT); glVertex2f(-PADDLE_OFFSET - PADDLE_WIDTH, p1 + PADDLE_HEIGHT); glVertex2f(-PADDLE_OFFSET - PADDLE_WIDTH, p1 - PADDLE_HEIGHT); glVertex2f(-PADDLE_OFFSET + PADDLE_WIDTH, p1 - PADDLE_HEIGHT); glEnd(); glFlush(); glutSwapBuffers(); } // keyboard input void keyboardCallback(unsigned char key, int x, int y) { // player 1 key press switch (key) { // player one case 'W': case 'w': p1v = PADDLE_SPEED; break; case 'S': case 's': p1v = -PADDLE_SPEED; break; case 'D': case 'd': if ((gameState == GAME_STOPPED) && (nextPlayer == PLAYER_ONE)) { if (playerTwoPoints == 10) { playerOnePoints = 0; playerTwoPoints = 0; refreshScore(); } vx = -BALL_SPEED; gameState = GAME_ACTIVE; } break; case 27: // ESCAPE exit(0); } } void specialCallback(int key, int x, int y) { // player 2 key press switch (key) { // player two case GLUT_KEY_UP: p2v = PADDLE_SPEED; break; case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: p2v = -PADDLE_SPEED; break; case GLUT_KEY_LEFT: if ((gameState == GAME_STOPPED) && (nextPlayer == PLAYER_TWO)) { if (playerOnePoints == 10) { playerOnePoints = 0; playerTwoPoints = 0; refreshScore(); } vx = BALL_SPEED; gameState = GAME_ACTIVE; } break; } } void keyboardUpCallback(unsigned char key, int x, int y) { // player 1 key release switch (key) { case 'W': case 'w' : if (p1v > 0.0f) p1v = 0.0f; break; case 'S' : case 's' : if (p1v < 0.0f) p1v = 0.0f; break; } } void specialUpCallback(int key, int x, int y){ // player 2 key release switch (key) { case GLUT_KEY_UP: if (p2v > 0.0f) p2v = 0.0f; break; case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: if (p2v < 0.0f) p2v = 0.0f; break; } } void refreshScore() { int i; sprintf(scoreString, "%d/%d", playerOnePoints, playerTwoPoints); scoreLength = strlen(scoreString); scoreWidth = 0.0; for (i = 0; i < scoreLength; i++) scoreWidth += (double) glutBitmapWidth(font, scoreString[i]); } void reshapeCallback(int width, int height) { viewportWidth = width; viewportHeight = height; glViewport(0, 0, viewportWidth, viewportHeight); glutPostRedisplay(); } void setupGraphics(int argc, char **argv) { GLfloat ambientLight[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; GLfloat emissiveLight[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; GLfloat diffuseLight[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; GLfloat specularLight[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; GLfloat materialAmbient[] = { 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f }; GLfloat materialDiffuse[] = { 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f }; GLfloat materialEmission[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; GLfloat materialSpecular[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; GLfloat lightPosition[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; // setup GLUT viewportWidth = 374; viewportHeight = 200; glutInitWindowSize(viewportWidth, viewportHeight); glutInitWindowPosition(70, 70); glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE); windowId = glutCreateWindow("Pong"); glutSetWindow(windowId); glutDisplayFunc(displayCallback); glutReshapeFunc(reshapeCallback); glutVisibilityFunc(visibilityCallback); glutKeyboardFunc(keyboardCallback); glutKeyboardUpFunc(keyboardUpCallback); glutSpecialFunc(specialCallback); glutSpecialUpFunc(specialUpCallback); glutIdleFunc(animateCallback); glutMouseFunc(NULL); glutMotionFunc(NULL); glutPassiveMotionFunc(NULL); glutShowWindow(); // get window handle hWnd = FindWindow(NULL, "Pong"); // setup OpenGL glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientLight); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_EMISSION, emissiveLight); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseLight); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularLight); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightPosition); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, materialAmbient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, materialDiffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, materialEmission); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, materialSpecular); glMateriali(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, 128); glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDisable(GL_NORMALIZE); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glColor4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); } void visibilityCallback(int state) { visibilityState = state; if (state == GLUT_VISIBLE) glutPostRedisplay(); } void setupSound() { if (DirectSoundCreate(NULL, &lpDS, NULL) == DS_OK) { if (IDirectSound_SetCooperativeLevel(lpDS, hWnd, DSSCL_NORMAL) == DS_OK) { // set up wave format structure memset(&pcmwf, 0, sizeof(PCMWAVEFORMAT)); pcmwf.wf.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM; pcmwf.wf.nChannels = 1; pcmwf.wf.nSamplesPerSec = 44100; pcmwf.wBitsPerSample = 16; pcmwf.wf.nBlockAlign = pcmwf.wf.nChannels * pcmwf.wBitsPerSample / 8; pcmwf.wf.nAvgBytesPerSec = pcmwf.wf.nSamplesPerSec * pcmwf.wf.nBlockAlign; soundEnabled = TRUE; } } } LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER createSound(double frequency, double seconds) { LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lpDSB; DSBUFFERDESC dsbdesc; HRESULT hr; DWORD samples, bytes; unsigned short *buffer; double angle, value, increment; int i; // locked area of direct sound buffer LPVOID lpvPtr1, lpvPtr2; DWORD dwBytes1, dwBytes2; // make sure direct sound was initialized if (!soundEnabled) return; // set up direct sound buffer descriptor memset(&dsbdesc, 0, sizeof(DSBUFFERDESC)); dsbdesc.dwSize = sizeof(DSBUFFERDESC); dsbdesc.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_CTRLDEFAULT; samples = (int) (44100.0 * seconds); bytes = pcmwf.wf.nBlockAlign * samples; dsbdesc.dwBufferBytes = bytes; dsbdesc.lpwfxFormat = (LPWAVEFORMATEX) &pcmwf; // create direct sound buffer hr = IDirectSound_CreateSoundBuffer(lpDS, &dsbdesc, &lpDSB, NULL); if (!SUCCEEDED(hr)) { soundEnabled = FALSE; return; } // lock buffer hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Lock(lpDSB, 0, bytes, &lpvPtr1, &dwBytes1, &lpvPtr2, &dwBytes2, 0); if (hr == DSERR_BUFFERLOST) { IDirectSoundBuffer_Restore(lpDSB); hr = IDirectSoundBuffer_Lock(lpDSB, 0, bytes, &lpvPtr1, &dwBytes1, &lpvPtr2, &dwBytes2, 0); } // write to buffer if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) { buffer = (unsigned short *) lpvPtr1; angle = 0.0; increment = frequency * seconds / (2.0 * 3.14159); for (i = 0; i < samples; i++) { value = sin(angle); buffer[i] = (unsigned short) ((value + 1.0) * 32768.0); angle += increment; } IDirectSoundBuffer_Unlock(lpDSB, lpvPtr1, dwBytes1, lpvPtr2, dwBytes2); } else { soundEnabled = FALSE; } return lpDSB; } void playSound(LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lpDSB) { if (!soundEnabled) return; IDirectSoundBuffer_SetCurrentPosition(lpDSB, 0); if (!SUCCEEDED(IDirectSoundBuffer_Play(lpDSB, 0, 0, 0))) soundEnabled = FALSE; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { setupGraphics(argc, argv); setupSound(); lpDSB1 = createSound(3000.0, 0.12); lpDSB2 = createSound(1200.0, 0.04); lpDSB3 = createSound(750.0, 0.23); refreshScore(); lastTickCount = GetTickCount(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } Edited by - bpj1138 on September 6, 2001 7:09:07 PM Edited by - bpj1138 on September 6, 2001 7:12:55 PM Edited by - bpj1138 on September 6, 2001 7:18:30 PM

For Beginners

Started by bpj1138 September 06, 2001 06:06 PM

11 comments, last by bpj1138 22 years, 7 months ago

Spindle

122

September 08, 2001 05:23 PM

lol, read this thread over. You''ll get a laugh

Addicted Technolagy Raven Engine - Join Us :)

Hull

122

September 08, 2001 05:47 PM

I think what bpj1138 did was totally cool.

In just one post he described an entire game with graphics and sound. And its fun too!

He probably answered a thousand questions and joyed a thousand souls by doing this.

I must say that bandwidth of GameDeV comes second to coolness.

bpj1138 is now 1337 in my eyes.

The Game Industry
OpenGL/OpenAL/OpenNL

"Self awareness is the interaction between 3 different parts of your brain. The Cog, the Left and the Right side of you brain..."

deadlinegrunt

123

September 08, 2001 05:57 PM

I don''t have to explain my actions on why I close a thread. In this case I do want to leave an opinion though.

bpj1138: I''m not closing it because of your original post. I''m closing it because of the responses. Personally, I think beginners would be better served trying to make a PONG clone rather than start off trying to do another QUAKE or FF7. Some things never change though. Also my previous post about watching the boards and getting a feel for things was not directed at you personally, but everyone in general that''s new to a message board system. After re-reading this thread I came to the conclusion you could possibly misunderstand my post.

Everyone else: I''m not deleting this because I think the code posted is useful. Again, see my point above. Unfortunately I believe this thread has taken a turn for the worst and fail to see how anything else can come from this in a positive nature.

YAP-YFIO

-deadlinegrunt

~deadlinegrunt

pong.c

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