Phil, I love you brother, and I hope you keep up this fight to learn programming. But, I have to ask, have you actually gone through a C++ tutorial? Did you understand all of it? If not, you really need to. Let me suggest this one:
http://cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/

I know you're in a hurry to write a cool game, and to play it. But, nothing truly worth the effort comes easy. When I was young (13/14), I learned to program in BASIC. I wrote crappy code. There was no internet, only BASIC reference manuals. But, i started by writing text adventure games, that had thins interface:

You are in a dark room. You see an exit north and South.
What would you like to do:
1) Go North
2) Go South


And, I had a blast writing those programs. Slowly, I advanced, learned about variables, how they worked, I wrote increasingly more complex programs. But, this was over a span of a few years. You need to show patience, start with a step, then another step. You're trying to run a marathon before you can sprint.

You can have fun with simple programs while you learn too. As you go through the tutorials, try to use what you learn and make a simple game from it. Guess the number, roulette wheel gambling, hangman, etc.

GL.

It's not really the parts of C++ that you need to grasp, it's more of understanding the philosophy of programming. Going though the C++ tutorials will help you learn to program, but it will also teach you the C++ syntax, which you can then apply to other API's (SDL, or SFML).


Once you understand the basics of programming structures, you'll be able to apply all of it to making games.