You aren’t ready to learn graphics coding, game architecture, sound programming, etc.
From the sounds of it, you have exactly the experience of reading one book.

Have you actually coded anything?
Can you even make a window in Windows®?

Where do you go from here? To your nearest compiler.
What do you do next? Practice what you have studied. You haven’t even gotten a good feel for the language yet—trying to apply too many new concepts on top of that is just going to burn you out. Don’t be in such a hurry. Everyone learns one step at a time.


L. Spiro

I posted some suggested reading an exercises for improving your C++ (and just general programming) knowledge here.

I'd agree with L. Spiro though: if you've really just read through the book you need to do some actual programming -- there's absolutely no substitute for real experience. Work through any exercises provided, and experiment with writing small programs, intentionally causing errors, etc. to learn as much as possible, and if you feel like you need to perhaps look at additional books.


Once you feel you're ready to try tackling a game, you'll want to choose and learn an API that provides windowing, graphics, input handling, etc. One such popular choice is SDL, using Lazy Foo's tutorials to get started, but SFML or Allegro are also very popular and capable choices.

Set yourself a goal of some simple game to make -- I normally suggest "Pong" as a first game -- and set about breaking it down into smaller tasks you can approach one at a time. For the example of Pong, a starting set of goals might be:

• Learn to create a window.
  
• Learn to draw a rectangle (which you will eventually use as the player's paddle).
  
• Learn to move your rectangle in response to player input...
  
• ...and so on and so forth...
  
• 
  

//EDIT: It's absolutely worth spending the time to try some simple text-based games before moving on to graphics as others have suggested. This is a relevant goal (you get to make some playable games) but can really help to solidify your knowledge before moving on to more complex topics. Only you can decide when you want to move on however, and you can always come back to the basics if you find things too difficult.


Does that help?

I want to reinforce L. Spiro's recommendation to practice. Practice, practice, practice. A good way to do that at this stage is to make several little console-based apps and games using standard input and output (cin & cout). Examples: a number guessing game, an app that performs a number of different conversions (km<->miles, lbs<->kg, etc...), blackjack using numbers to represent the cards, a small text-based adventure game where the player is offered multiple choices for each step of the game, another adventure game where the player can directly input commands to move around, and so on. Each little app you make will help you become more familiar and comfortable with the language and the process. And as your apps get progressively more complex you'll learn more along the way. Eventually, you'll be ready to look into moving beyond the console and into the world of 2D games. Doing otherwise will likely result in a much longer learning process accompanied by a good deal of frustration, disappointment, and unfinished projects.

I don't know of any books that just offer exercises, but try some exercises from Project Euler and Code Kata. Most "learn to program" type books also offer some exercises that go with the material as it is taught. The lessons at LearnCpp.com are quite good and include quiz questions with solutions, so you might also try those.

Otherwise you can do as suggested and just set progressively more difficult goals to approach.

Alot of very good suggestions on where to go next or what to do next.
I would like to just add 1 thing to all of the above - As you start coding, also include some game mechanics of simple Table Top games that you all ready know.
For example - Roling dice - 2 dice = 2 sets of random numbers - Programming that and looking at the results ( Individual results as well as combined results ) re-inforces your learing experience if you can apply these newly learned skills to something that interest you.
Doing a text based set of cards - Moving around a virtual Game board combines rolling dice ( Random Numbers ) as well as contrlling location say on a 40 square game board and getting back to the beginning adds data elements.
At least for learning while doing what I wanted greatly helped me. Build from there everytime you turn on the computer, set a new simple goal, acheive it and build more.