I am not sure if I am missing any core concepts as I am making my games. But here are the general things the games I have written has taught me thus far:

1) Implementing a main loop

2) Implementing a game loop

3) Keeping track of the state of the object

4) Collision Detection

5) Keeping track of the state of the game(Main Menu, GameOver, Victory, Gameplay)

6) Animation Algorithms

7) Textparsing and then drawing the appropriate art asset corresponding to the numeric or letter text data.

Any more concepts I should know?

Event and message passing systems

Can you or anyone elaborate on this? You mean like mouse and key events? what do you mean by message passing?

Can you or anyone elaborate on this? You mean like mouse and key events? what do you mean by message passing?

An event can be anything any part of the game may want to react to. A pressed key, as you said, or a collision on the physics simulation, using a skill, taking damage or anything else.
Broadcasting these logical events as messages others can subscribe to can greatly reduce dependencies between systems.

Ah I see. Thanks

AI

True.