"go back" like pressing the back button in the browser? When you press the back button the browser won't do a new request, it will look at the cached page and that page will have the previous value (every input will look the same). The best solution I can think in that case would be to use JavaScript and save the checkbox value in sessionStorage when you change it. Then in both pages make a JavaScript interval (setInterval) that checks sessionStorage and updates the checkbox value with whatever is stored.
Also, a suggestion for your code... you can simplify a lot the second line you posted and make it more readable and less prone to bugs. Change it to:
<input type="checkbox" <?php echo (isset($_GET['check']) ? 'checked' : '');?> disabled>