translation: movement in the x,y,z directions. the translation portion of a transformation matrix.
position/location: technically a point in 3-space. In caveman 3.0 a "location" includes a setting (outdoors, cavern, etc), map square coordinates, a 3D point in the map square, and an orientation.
orientation: a 3D direction vector and roll, possibly described by eulers or a quat or other means.
to be precise, you should think in terms of scales, combined with orientations and positions/locations, to create transforms.
it would be nice if there was a term for location + orientation, but there isn't really - at least that i'm aware of. "attitude" comes to mind, but that's usually just considered to be an aviation term for "orientation".