Recently, I managed to apply shadow mapping to my terrain project. However, it came with a few side effects, mainly, it suffered from shadow acne. I solved most of this by changing the rasterizer state to CULL_FRONT on the shadow pass, however, it did not solve the shadow acne on the slopes of the terrain.

I'm not entirely sure how to remove the shadow acne from the slopes of the terrain. I did a bit of searching and a slope based bias is recommended, however, I couldn't find anything on how to actually implement that. You can see the issues I'm experiencing below:

Thank you for any help.

Thanks for that, unfortunately I recently tried this and it appears to offset it more and causes serous peter panning. I don't think bias is the way to go anymore since the terrain is also generated randomly. So I could get a good set of bias values for a certain seed for it to be causing issues for another.

I've also attempted normal offsetting and changing CULL modes, which gets rid of the shadow acne on somewhat flat surfaces. However, the slope shadow acne is persistent.

I don't think bias is the way to go anymore since the terrain is also generated randomly.

Randomness is wholly unrelated to depth biases. You should definitely be able to bias it away regardless of how you make your terrain. The problem is that the more you bias it, the more peter panning artifacts you end up with. Normal offsetting will also easily eliminate acne but changes the size and shapes of your shadows. There's no perfect shadow solution really, just good compromises for a given situation that are unlikely to break down.

it might not be a perfect solution, but you could try running your shadow map through a PCF blur filter

I ended up using normal offset shadows, then adding a small optimization whereby I simply say 'if the normal is facing away from the light, it's a shadow'. I then also implemented PCF.

Results ended up quite nice:

Glad it turned out good for you =)