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Link error driveing me crazy!

peter86 · 2002-04-24T05:35:38

I´m includeing ParticleSystem.cpp in the main file and if I create an object of the ParticleSystem-class then I get the link errors below, why? I havnen´t included it twice, declared/defined the functions twice either. Linking... projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "unsigned long * g_clrColorFade" (?g_clrColorFade@@3PAKA) already defined in ParticleSystem.obj projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "struct D3DXCOLOR * g_clrColor" (?g_clrColor@@3PAUD3DXCOLOR@@A) already defined in ParticleSystem.obj projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall ParticleSystem::ParticleSystem(unsigned long,unsigned long,float)" (??0ParticleSystem@@QAE@KKM@Z) already defined in ParticleSystem.obj projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall ParticleSystem::~ParticleSystem(void)" (??1ParticleSystem@@QAE@XZ) already defined in ParticleSystem.obj projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "public: long __thiscall ParticleSystem::InvalidateDeviceObjects(void)" (?InvalidateDeviceObjects@ParticleSystem@@QAEJXZ) already defined in ParticleSystem.obj projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "public: long __thiscall ParticleSystem::Render(struct IDirect3DDevice8 *)" (?Render@ParticleSystem@@QAEJPAUIDirect3DDevice8@@@Z) already defined in ParticleSystem.obj projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "public: long __thiscall ParticleSystem::RestoreDeviceObjects(struct IDirect3DDevice8 *)" (?RestoreDeviceObjects@ParticleSystem@@QAEJPAUIDirect3DDevice8@@@Z) already defined in ParticleSystem.obj projectx.obj : error LNK2005: "public: long __thiscall ParticleSystem::Update(float,unsigned long,struct D3DXCOLOR const &,struct D3DXCOLOR const &,float,struct D3DXVECTOR3)" (?Update@ParticleSystem@@QAEJMKABUD3DXCOLOR@@0MUD3DXVECTOR3@@@Z) already d efined in ParticleSystem.obj Debug/projectx.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found Error executing link.exe. projectx.exe - 9 error(s), 0 warning(s)

General and Gameplay Programming Programming

Started by peter86 April 20, 2002 05:43 AM

23 comments, last by peter86 21 years, 11 months ago

liquiddark

350

April 23, 2002 11:15 AM

Seeing as the whole point of the pragma is to optimize compilation times, I doubt it. Heathen that I am, I'd say it's a silly thing to have removed from gcc.

And as to not using it, I suppose I should have searched before posting originally, but now that I have I'd rather use the solution everyone has suggested for this problem:

    #pragma once#ifndef <i>_FILE_H</i>#define <i>_FILE_H</i>// FILE BODY HERE#endif

Optimized compilation time and standard operation to boot.

ld

[edited by - liquiddark on April 23, 2002 12:15:53 PM]

No Excuses

CheeseGrater

122

April 23, 2002 11:37 AM

quote:Original post by ZealousElixir
Since awhile ago:

http://www.la.utexas.edu/lab/software/devtool/gnu/cpp/cpp_46.html#IDX82

A few lines down from that marker.

No, that was GNU C that deprecated it. Visual C never did. #pragma are considered compiler specifc and not part of the standard, so they can do that.

So, don''t use it with gcc.

zealouselixir

256

April 23, 2002 08:39 PM

liquiddark: you really shouldn''t start identifiers with underscores.

Later,
ZE.

//email me.//zealouselixir software.//msdn.//n00biez.//
m i s c e l l a n e o u s l i n k s

[if you have a link proposal, email me.]

[twitter]warrenm[/twitter]

zealouselixir

256

April 23, 2002 08:41 PM

quote:
No, that was GNU C that deprecated it. Visual C never did. #pragma are considered compiler specifc and not part of the standard, so they can do that.

So, don''t use it with gcc.

The point is, it''s been deprecated, so if you use it, you''re writing unportable code.

Later,
ZE.

//email me.//zealouselixir software.//msdn.//n00biez.//
m i s c e l l a n e o u s l i n k s

[if you have a link proposal, email me.]

[twitter]warrenm[/twitter]

IndirectX

122

April 24, 2002 05:35 AM

AFAIK, #pragma results in unportable code regardless of whether it''s deprecated or not. That''s why MS wrap #pragma once in #if MSC_VER > 1000.

---visit #directxdev on afternet <- not just for directx, despite the name

Link error driveing me crazy!

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Link error driveing me crazy!

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