I don't think it is a technique, in the sense that we have to loop through the basic effect techniques and apply each one.

According to this link Standard Lighting Rig

When calling effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); a number of default positioned lights are added to the effect so that the model it is applied to gets lit in a nice way, with a back light, fill light, and a key light.

I came across this link BasicEffect Lighting also which shows how you can play around with the values of the default lights in the BasicEffect and change positions and colors etc.