I think in a lot of ways this discussion is missing the OP's target, which was the genre of "young adult" literature, TV and films.
Young Adult literature typically features protagonists in their teens to early twenties (but doesn't have to), and usually contain elements of science fiction and/or fantasy (but doesn't have to). However, almost uniformly they explore complex political/sociological themes within the context of an isolated cultural setting (often almost entirely composed of adolescents). Harry Potter, the Hunger Games, the Divergent series, are all high-profile examples from recent years, but it also covers literary classics like Treasure Island, the Lord of the Flies, and The Giver, to name just a few.
In general, I'd agree with the OP that I've seen few games that fall into this genre. While many games are aimed at teens, and more than a few contain teenage protagonists and take place in settings with elements of science fiction or fantasy... I don't see many exploring sociopolitical themes or interpersonal relationships that the genre centers round, nor placing the same type of cultural restrictions on their protagonists.