#include <Windows.h>#include <tchar.h>#include <d3d10.h>#include <d3dx10.h>ID3D10Device* pD3DDevice = NULL;IDXGISwapChain* pSwapChain = NULL;ID3D10RenderTargetView* pRenderTargetView = NULL;HINSTANCE hInstance;HWND hwnd;int width = 640;int height = 480;bool InitWindow (HINSTANCE hInstance, int width, int height);bool InitDirect3D (HWND hwnd, int width, int height);LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);void Render ();void ShutDownDirect3D ();int APIENTRY WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){	if (!InitWindow (hInstance, width, height))	{		MessageBox (NULL, L"Window Creation Failed!", NULL, MB_OK);		return false;	}	if (!InitDirect3D (hwnd, width, height))	{		MessageBox (NULL, L"Direct3D Creation Failed!", NULL, MB_OK);		return 0;	}	MSG msg = {0};	while (WM_QUIT != msg.message)	{		while (PeekMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) == TRUE)		{			TranslateMessage (&msg);			DispatchMessage (&msg);		}		Render ();	}	return (int) msg.wParam;}bool InitWindow (HINSTANCE hInstance, int width, int height){	WNDCLASSEX WindowClass;	WindowClass.cbClsExtra = 0;	WindowClass.cbSize = sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);	WindowClass.cbWndExtra = 0;	WindowClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW +  1);	WindowClass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);	WindowClass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);	WindowClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);	WindowClass.hInstance = hInstance;	WindowClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;	WindowClass.lpszClassName = L"1";	WindowClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;	WindowClass.style = 0;	if (!RegisterClassEx (&WindowClass))	{		MessageBox (NULL, L"Window Class Registration Failed!", NULL, MB_OK);		return false;	}	hwnd = CreateWindowEx (WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE,						   L"1",						   L"DirectX 10",						   WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,						   315, 115,						   width,						   height,						   NULL, NULL,						   hInstance, NULL);	ShowWindow (hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL);	UpdateWindow (hwnd);	return true;}bool InitDirect3D (HWND, hwnd, int width, int height){	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;	ZeroMemory (&swapChainDesc, sizeof (swapChainDesc));	swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = width;	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = height;	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;	swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;	swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;	swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;	swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;	swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;	HRESULT hr = D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain (NULL,											    D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE,												NULL,												0,												D3D10_SDK_VERSION,												&swapChainDesc,												&pSwapChain,												&pD3DDevice);	if (hr != S_OK)	{		MessageBox (NULL, L"D3D10 Device Creation Failed!", NULL, MB_OK);		return false;	}	ID3D10Texture2D *pBackBuffer;	hr = pSwapChain -> GetBuffer (0,								  __uuidof (ID3D10Texture2D),								  (LPVOID*) &pBackBuffer);	if (hr != S_OK)	{		MessageBox (NULL, L"SwapChain Failed to Get Buffer!", NULL, MB_OK);		return false;	}	hr = pD3DDevice -> CreateRenderTargetView (pBackBuffer,											   NULL,											   &pRenderTargetView);	pBackBuffer -> Release ();	if (hr != S_OK)	{		MessageBox (NULL, L"Render Target View Creation Failed!", NULL, MB_OK);		return false;	}	pD3DDevice -> OMSetRenderTargets (1,									  &pRenderTargetView,									  NULL);	D3D10_VIEWPORT viewPort;	viewPort.Width = width;	viewPort.Height = height;	viewPort.MinDepth = 0.0f;	viewPort.MaxDepth = 1.0f;	viewPort.TopLeftX = 0;	viewPort.TopLeftY = 0;	pD3DDevice -> RSSetViewports (1,								  &viewPort);	return true;}void Render (){	if (pD3DDevice != NULL)	{		pD3DDevice -> ClearRenderTargetView (pRenderTargetView,										     D3DDevice -> ClearRenderTargetView (pRenderTargetView,																				 D3DXCOLOR (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));		pSwapChain -> Present (0.0);	}}void ShutDownDirect3D (){	if (pRenderTargetView)	{		pRenderTargetView -> Release ();	}	if (pSwapChain)	{		pSwapChain -> Release ();	}	if (pD3D10Device)	{		pD3D10Device -> Release ();	}}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){	switch (msg)	{	case WM_CLOSE:		DestroyWindow (hwnd);		break;	case WM_DESTROY:		PostQuitMessage (0);		break;	case WM_KEYDOWN:		switch (wParam)		{		case VK_ESCAPE:			DestroyWindow (hwnd);			break;		}		break;	}	return DefWindowProc (hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);}