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• By tj8146
I am using immediate mode for OpenGL and I am creating a 2D top down car game. I am trying to configure my game loop in order to get my car-like physics working on a square shape. I have working code but it is not doing as I want it to. I am not sure as to whether it is my game loop that is incorrect or my code for the square is incorrect, or maybe both! Could someone help because I have been trying to work this out for over a day now
I have attached my .cpp file if you wish to run it for yourself..
WinMain code:
/******************* WIN32 FUNCTIONS ***************************/ int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, // Instance HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // Previous Instance LPSTR lpCmdLine, // Command Line Parameters int nCmdShow) // Window Show State { MSG msg; // Windows Message Structure bool done=false; // Bool Variable To Exit Loop Car car; car.x = 220; car.y = 140; car.dx = 0; car.dy = 0; car.ang = 0; AllocConsole(); FILE *stream; freopen_s(&stream, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout); // Create Our OpenGL Window if (!CreateGLWindow("OpenGL Win32 Example",screenWidth,screenHeight)) { return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created } while(!done) // Loop That Runs While done=FALSE { if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE)) // Is There A Message Waiting? { if (msg.message==WM_QUIT) // Have We Received A Quit Message? { done=true; // If So done=TRUE break; } else // If Not, Deal With Window Messages { TranslateMessage(&msg); // Translate The Message DispatchMessage(&msg); // Dispatch The Message } } else // If There Are No Messages { if(keys[VK_ESCAPE]) done = true; void processKeys(Car& car); //process keyboard while (game_is_running) { loops = 0; while (GetTickCount() > next_game_tick && loops < MAX_FRAMESKIP) { update(car); // update variables next_game_tick += SKIP_TICKS; loops++; } display(car); // Draw The Scene SwapBuffers(hDC); // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering) } } } // Shutdown KillGLWindow(); // Kill The Window return (int)(msg.wParam); // Exit The Program } //WIN32 Processes function - useful for responding to user inputs or other events. LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, // Handle For This Window UINT uMsg, // Message For This Window WPARAM wParam, // Additional Message Information LPARAM lParam) // Additional Message Information { switch (uMsg) // Check For Windows Messages { case WM_CLOSE: // Did We Receive A Close Message? { PostQuitMessage(0); // Send A Quit Message return 0; // Jump Back } break; case WM_SIZE: // Resize The OpenGL Window { reshape(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height return 0; // Jump Back } break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { mouse_x = LOWORD(lParam); mouse_y = screenHeight - HIWORD(lParam); LeftPressed = true; } break; case WM_LBUTTONUP: { LeftPressed = false; } break; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: { mouse_x = LOWORD(lParam); mouse_y = screenHeight - HIWORD(lParam); } break; case WM_KEYDOWN: // Is A Key Being Held Down? { keys[wParam] = true; // If So, Mark It As TRUE return 0; // Jump Back } break; case WM_KEYUP: // Has A Key Been Released? { keys[wParam] = false; // If So, Mark It As FALSE return 0; // Jump Back } break; } // Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc return DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam); } C++ and OpenGL code: int mouse_x=0, mouse_y=0; bool LeftPressed = false; int screenWidth=1080, screenHeight=960; bool keys[256]; float radiansFromDegrees(float deg) { return deg * (M_PI / 180.0f); } float degreesFromRadians(float rad) { return rad / (M_PI / 180.0f); } bool game_is_running = true; const int TICKS_PER_SECOND = 50; const int SKIP_TICKS = 1000 / TICKS_PER_SECOND; const int MAX_FRAMESKIP = 10; DWORD next_game_tick = GetTickCount(); int loops; typedef struct { float x, y; float dx, dy; float ang; }Car; //OPENGL FUNCTION PROTOTYPES void display(const Car& car); //called in winmain to draw everything to the screen void reshape(int width, int height); //called when the window is resized void init(); //called in winmain when the program starts. void processKeys(Car& car); //called in winmain to process keyboard input void update(Car& car); //called in winmain to update variables /************* START OF OPENGL FUNCTIONS ****************/ void display(const Car& car) { const float w = 50.0f; const float h = 50.0f; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(100, 100, 0); glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f(car.x, car.y); glVertex2f(car.x + w, car.y); glVertex2f(car.x + w, car.y + h); glVertex2f(car.x, car.y + h); glEnd(); glFlush(); } void reshape(int width, int height) // Resize the OpenGL window { screenWidth = width; screenHeight = height; // to ensure the mouse coordinates match // we will use these values to set the coordinate system glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Reset the current viewport glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // select the projection matrix stack glLoadIdentity(); // reset the top of the projection matrix to an identity matrix gluOrtho2D(0, screenWidth, 0, screenHeight); // set the coordinate system for the window glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // Select the modelview matrix stack glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the top of the modelview matrix to an identity matrix } void init() { glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); //sets the clear colour to yellow //glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) in the display function //will clear the buffer to this colour. } void processKeys(Car& car) { if (keys[VK_UP]) { float cdx = sinf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); float cdy = -cosf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); car.dx += cdx; car.dy += cdy; } if (keys[VK_DOWN]) { float cdx = sinf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); float cdy = -cosf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); car.dx += -cdx; car.dy += -cdy; } if (keys[VK_LEFT]) { car.ang -= 2; } if (keys[VK_RIGHT]) { car.ang += 2; } } void update(Car& car) { car.x += car.dx*next_game_tick; } game.cpp • By tj8146 I am using immediate mode for OpenGL and I am creating a 2D top down car game. I am trying to configure my game loop in order to get my car-like physics working on a square shape. I have working code but it is not doing as I want it to. I am not sure as to whether it is my game loop that is incorrect or my code for the square is incorrect, or maybe both! Could someone help because I have been trying to work this out for over a day now I have attached my .cpp file if you wish to run it for yourself.. This is my C++ and OpenGL code: int mouse_x=0, mouse_y=0; bool LeftPressed = false; int screenWidth=1080, screenHeight=960; bool keys[256]; float radiansFromDegrees(float deg) { return deg * (M_PI / 180.0f); } float degreesFromRadians(float rad) { return rad / (M_PI / 180.0f); } bool game_is_running = true; const int TICKS_PER_SECOND = 50; const int SKIP_TICKS = 1000 / TICKS_PER_SECOND; const int MAX_FRAMESKIP = 10; DWORD next_game_tick = GetTickCount(); int loops; typedef struct { float x, y; float dx, dy; float ang; }Car; //OPENGL FUNCTION PROTOTYPES void display(const Car& car); //called in winmain to draw everything to the screen void reshape(int width, int height); //called when the window is resized void init(); //called in winmain when the program starts. void processKeys(Car& car); //called in winmain to process keyboard input void update(Car& car); //called in winmain to update variables /************* START OF OPENGL FUNCTIONS ****************/ void display(const Car& car) { const float w = 50.0f; const float h = 50.0f; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(100, 100, 0); glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f(car.x, car.y); glVertex2f(car.x + w, car.y); glVertex2f(car.x + w, car.y + h); glVertex2f(car.x, car.y + h); glEnd(); glFlush(); } void reshape(int width, int height) // Resize the OpenGL window { screenWidth = width; screenHeight = height; // to ensure the mouse coordinates match // we will use these values to set the coordinate system glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Reset the current viewport glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // select the projection matrix stack glLoadIdentity(); // reset the top of the projection matrix to an identity matrix gluOrtho2D(0, screenWidth, 0, screenHeight); // set the coordinate system for the window glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // Select the modelview matrix stack glLoadIdentity(); // Reset the top of the modelview matrix to an identity matrix } void init() { glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); //sets the clear colour to yellow //glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) in the display function //will clear the buffer to this colour. } void processKeys(Car& car) { if (keys[VK_UP]) { float cdx = sinf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); float cdy = -cosf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); car.dx += cdx; car.dy += cdy; } if (keys[VK_DOWN]) { float cdx = sinf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); float cdy = -cosf(radiansFromDegrees(car.ang)); car.dx += -cdx; car.dy += -cdy; } if (keys[VK_LEFT]) { car.ang -= 2; } if (keys[VK_RIGHT]) { car.ang += 2; } } void update(Car& car) { car.x += car.dx*next_game_tick; } My WinMain code: /******************* WIN32 FUNCTIONS ***************************/ int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, // Instance HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // Previous Instance LPSTR lpCmdLine, // Command Line Parameters int nCmdShow) // Window Show State { MSG msg; // Windows Message Structure bool done=false; // Bool Variable To Exit Loop Car car; car.x = 220; car.y = 140; car.dx = 0; car.dy = 0; car.ang = 0; AllocConsole(); FILE *stream; freopen_s(&stream, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout); // Create Our OpenGL Window if (!CreateGLWindow("OpenGL Win32 Example",screenWidth,screenHeight)) { return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created } while(!done) // Loop That Runs While done=FALSE { if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE)) // Is There A Message Waiting? { if (msg.message==WM_QUIT) // Have We Received A Quit Message? { done=true; // If So done=TRUE break; } else // If Not, Deal With Window Messages { TranslateMessage(&msg); // Translate The Message DispatchMessage(&msg); // Dispatch The Message } } else // If There Are No Messages { if(keys[VK_ESCAPE]) done = true; void processKeys(Car& car); //process keyboard while (game_is_running) { loops = 0; while (GetTickCount() > next_game_tick && loops < MAX_FRAMESKIP) { update(car); // update variables next_game_tick += SKIP_TICKS; loops++; } display(car); // Draw The Scene SwapBuffers(hDC); // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering) } } } // Shutdown KillGLWindow(); // Kill The Window return (int)(msg.wParam); // Exit The Program } //WIN32 Processes function - useful for responding to user inputs or other events. LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, // Handle For This Window UINT uMsg, // Message For This Window WPARAM wParam, // Additional Message Information LPARAM lParam) // Additional Message Information { switch (uMsg) // Check For Windows Messages { case WM_CLOSE: // Did We Receive A Close Message? { PostQuitMessage(0); // Send A Quit Message return 0; // Jump Back } break; case WM_SIZE: // Resize The OpenGL Window { reshape(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height return 0; // Jump Back } break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { mouse_x = LOWORD(lParam); mouse_y = screenHeight - HIWORD(lParam); LeftPressed = true; } break; case WM_LBUTTONUP: { LeftPressed = false; } break; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: { mouse_x = LOWORD(lParam); mouse_y = screenHeight - HIWORD(lParam); } break; case WM_KEYDOWN: // Is A Key Being Held Down? { keys[wParam] = true; // If So, Mark It As TRUE return 0; // Jump Back } break; case WM_KEYUP: // Has A Key Been Released? { keys[wParam] = false; // If So, Mark It As FALSE return 0; // Jump Back } break; } // Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc return DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam); }
game.cpp
• By lxjk
Hi guys,
There are many ways to do light culling in tile-based shading. I've been playing with this idea for a while, and just want to throw it out there.
Because tile frustums are general small compared to light radius, I tried using cone test to reduce false positives introduced by commonly used sphere-frustum test.
On top of that, I use distance to camera rather than depth for near/far test (aka. sliced by spheres).
This method can be naturally extended to clustered light culling as well.
The following image shows the general ideas

Performance-wise I get around 15% improvement over sphere-frustum test. You can also see how a single light performs as the following: from left to right (1) standard rendering of a point light; then tiles passed the test of (2) sphere-frustum test; (3) cone test; (4) spherical-sliced cone test

I put the details in my blog post (https://lxjk.github.io/2018/03/25/Improve-Tile-based-Light-Culling-with-Spherical-sliced-Cone.html), GLSL source code included!

Eric

• Good evening everyone!

I was wondering if there is something equivalent of  GL_NV_blend_equation_advanced for AMD?
Basically I'm trying to find more compatible version of it.

Thank you!

• Hello guys,

How do I know? Why does wavefront not show for me?
I already checked I have non errors yet.

And my download (mega.nz) should it is original but I tried no success...
- Add blend source and png file here I have tried tried,.....

PS: Why is our community not active? I wait very longer. Stop to lie me!
Thanks !

# OpenGL Triangle Strip and Perlin Noise.

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Hi Folks,

I am working on an Earth Simulation in OpenGL/GLSL and I've gotten pretty far until now. I was trying to find a way to render Aurora Borealis at the North and the South poles of my planet and I found this blog where the author has done something similar to what I've been trying to do. Specifically, I'm trying to imitate the following image:

In his version of Aurora Borealis, he creates 2D bands (most probably using triangle strips) and animate them in real-time using perlin noise. I have been trying to achieve this, but the only way I can think of is to:

• Generate the mesh once for a band.
• Generate noise each frame for each band and update the vertices.
• Generate Normals for each band using the updated vertices.
• Send the new vertices & normals via an OpenGL call to the GPU.
• Rinse and repeat.

Now, this method seems super expensive. I was hoping if anyone can suggest a way that could make it possible to introduce the noise to the vertices inside the vertex shader itself and update the normals based on the noise that we just introduced to our vertices.

I apologize that I don't have any code to show for the bands right now, since I am still brainstorming the topic and trying to come up with a most optimal solution for the problem.

I could use some ideas and would really appreciate them.

Edited by pslayer89

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generate perlin noise texture. lets say each frame you move the offset (the pixel you read from that texture ) by vec2(acutal_pixel + 1, 0.0);

since its perlin noise you should have a smooth move from one pixel to another. now imagine you have a 256 length tri strip ribbon. (and your texture is 256x256 now y dimension on texture reponds to the vertex from the start of the ribbon so vertex at center of the ribbon will read perlintex texel on vec2(time, length(ribbon_start, vertex_pos) / 256.0);

if you define your texture as being repeated you dont need to zero time if it exceeds (1 or 256) this will give you demanded shape that is changed over time. now the thing is

you do that in vertex shader (you read the texel from perlin texture) and move your vertex by perlin tex value * some factor since its from 0..1

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Instead of step 3/4 you can use geometry shader with either lines or triangles as input primitives. In latter case you can recalculate normals without sending them back to cpu/ram. In former case you may generate bands mesh on the fly. In this case aurora is represented as a concentric line_strips, in vertex shader you animate line vertices with perlin noise and then in geometry shader you generate a triangles and normals.

And btw take a note that bands should move along the Earth, i.e. in its polar coordinates.

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Instead of step 3/4 you can use geometry shader with either lines or triangles as input primitives. In latter case you can recalculate normals without sending them back to cpu/ram. In former case you may generate bands mesh on the fly. In this case aurora is represented as a concentric line_strips, in vertex shader you animate line vertices with perlin noise and then in geometry shader you generate a triangles and normals.

And btw take a note that bands should move along the Earth, i.e. in its polar coordinates.

I think I get it more or less. About moving the bands along the earth, do you mean that as the earth rotates, the bands should relatively rotate around the poles too?

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Also, from what I understand, Geometry shaders store the data of a triangle, and not a mesh. Is it any way possible to calculate or manipulate vertex normals in the geometry shader for smooth shading just like show in the image in the OP?

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Instead of step 3/4 you can use geometry shader with either lines or triangles as input primitives. In latter case you can recalculate normals without sending them back to cpu/ram. In former case you may generate bands mesh on the fly. In this case aurora is represented as a concentric line_strips, in vertex shader you animate line vertices with perlin noise and then in geometry shader you generate a triangles and normals.

And btw take a note that bands should move along the Earth, i.e. in its polar coordinates.

I think I get it more or less. About moving the bands along the earth, do you mean that as the earth rotates, the bands should relatively rotate around the poles too?

I meant that every time you offset vertices using Earth tangent you add small error (see right half of a picture bellow). This error may not be too noticable in this case it's fine to use tangents. Otherwise you can either track distance between vertices and center of the Earth, either use polar coordinates to eliminate the errors (see left half)

http://i.imgur.com/oL026VG.png

Also, from what I understand, Geometry shaders store the data of a triangle, and not a mesh. Is it any way possible to calculate or manipulate vertex normals in the geometry shader for smooth shading just like show in the image in the OP?

You can use adjacency primitives to calculate vertex normals.

In case of line_adjacency primitive driver feeds geometry shader with the following data:

(previous)--->(A)--->(B)--->(next)

Care should be taken with first and last vertices to avoid the gaps in bands due to how OpenGL treats vertices of adjacency primitives.

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Thanks for replying! I think I get it now about moving the bands along the earth. About the lines_adjacency primitive, I haven't used it before, so I have very little experience with it. Do I have to specify the adjacent vertices in the point list through an index buffer or by specifying GL_LINES_ADJACENCY, OpenGL itself would give me 4 coordinates per primitive?

Edited by pslayer89

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Thanks for replying! I think I get it now about moving the bands along the earth. About the lines_adjacency primitive, I haven't used it before, so I have very little experience with it. Do I have to specify the adjacent vertices in the point list through an index buffer or by specifying GL_LINES_ADJACENCY, OpenGL itself would give me 4 coordinates per primitive?

Sorry for the delay. You dont have to specify adjacent vertices manually (except maybe the first and the last vertices), just specify GL_LINES_ADJACENCY and OpenGL will do the rest.

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Sorry about the late reply as well. So you're saying my first and the last vertices would actually be actually some dummy value. When the first line adjacency primitive is sent to the geometry shader, it sends it as [v0, v1, v2, v3] where v0 = dummy number. Is that correct?

Also, I looked a bit into perlin noise for vertices. What I couldn't figure out was, how would I animate the vertices with the perlin noise so that it looks smooth? For that, whatever noise is at v0 in the current frame, I was the same noise to be at v1 the next frame, and v1's noise goes to v2 and so on. The starting and end vertices get new noise values each frame. That way I think it would look like a smooth animation.

Edited by pslayer89