So SDL is okay then? Would you say it is beginner friendly?
Yes. Both SDL and SFML are as "beginner friendly" as a C or C++ library can be.
Either one is a good choice if you are using C++.
Also out of those languages you listed which would you say is the most beginner friendly and "easiest" to learn?
I have read that alot of colleges use Python as an introductionary language when teaching students to progam. Which would you recommend?
C++ is the "hardest" mostly because it has fewer standardized functions available to use right out of the box (you have to supplement it with third party libraries - which is a strength when you are experienced, but a difficulty when you are starting out), and it's harder because C++ has thousands of corner cases that even after 10 years of programming with C++, you still frequently go "I never knew that!".
Python is easier to learn than C++, and maybe people recommend it for beginners, but some people disagree that it's the best choice for beginners.
For myself, I started with C++ as my first language, and I've stuck with it for 10 years. It's been a bumpy journey, but I intentionally chose to take the harder route because it fit best with my long-term goals.
I've dabbled a bit with Python and Javascript, and since I already know one C-derived language deeply, it's very easy to just jump into another, but mostly I stay with C++ for the projects I work on.
Out of the six I mentioned: C, C++, C#, Python, Java, Javascript
C-language - I wouldn't recommend C as your first language. Not because it's harder, but because all the other languages offer more. This language is basic and stripped down. The other languages I mentioned started with C, and said, "How can we make this better?" and went in different directions to do it. Historically it's important, and educationally it teaches you some important paradigms - but you can learn those same paradigms in some of the other languages also, so it really isn't ever necessary to learn.
C++ - The hardest, because of all the corner cases, but the de-facto standard of game development and console development. It'll take you longer to get to the same destination as the others, but you'll be more knowledgeable when you get there. C++ is the workhorse of the gaming industry.
C# - I have no personal experience with C#, but from what I read it's a decent language to start with. Mostly it's recommended for tool development (game editors and desktop applications), but it can be used directly for games.
Python - Easier to learn, can be used effectively; often paired with an engine written in C++ when doing 3D games, but works fine for 2D games. Eve Online uses Python, paired with a C++ engine.
Java - I dislike it, and I dislike when games or software are written in it (even when I like the games themselves - like Minecraft or Runescape). It's very easy to write slow code in any language, but in Java it's very easy to write mind-numbingly slow code. However, it runs in browsers (if the plugin is enabled), on desktops, and on Android smartphones. It's the official language of choice for Android. Chances are, your microwave, refrigerator, coffeemaker, and car are all running Java if they were made in the past 10 years.
Javascript - Often used for webpages or games running in the browser, client-side. If using it for games, you'll need to pair it up with HTML5, which shouldn't be a problem. While Javascript has been around for awhile, HTML5 is still at the early stages of support - things will work, but may not be super fast yet.
So which should you use?
For your first language, it doesn't particularly matter if it's not "the right language" for your eventual goals, it's far more important that you learn a language rather than worrying about which language.
Personal computing amongst consumers is increasingly moving to smartphones. If smartphones are your target, you probably want to start with Java.
However, software in general is increasingly moving to the cloud as SaaS (Software as a Service). Javascript likely will continue to be relevant as a client-side language, and C++ will increasingly be used as the server-side language (alongside Python and some Javascript and many others).
Python is probably the easiest to learn, but it's not just a baby language you'll discard later - it's very good for scripting stuff to automate on your computer and is a useful tool to know in-general. I wish I had the time to devote a month or two to learn it deeply enough so I can leverage it more readily when I need to automate something.
Learning Python will probably be the quickest route to making simple 2D games.
C++ will always have use for the foreseeable future, but it is the most complex - by a significant leap. If you choose to learn C++, you need to know that you'll hit tougher walls, and more frequently, than the others. And even when things seem to be working, you'll be told by me and many others that you're doing it wrong anyway. C++ has many ways to do things, and 90% of them are "the wrong way". If you choose C++, you'll find the right ways primarily by trial and error. C++ is like trying to find your way through a maze, with people who've been through the maze sitting on the walls occasionally telling you to "turn left here" - but you'll have to ignore the twenty people still in the maze with you, telling you to turn right, because they haven't yet discovered that 'right' is the wrong route and it 'seems' to be working for them.
But again, even if you make the "wrong choice" of what will be important ten years from now, it doesn't really matter - as long as you learn any language, it is much easier to learn a second one, and even more easy to learn a third. The important thing is to choose one, and go deep in it for two years or more.
Note: If this comes of as slanted in C++'s favor, that's because I'm biased as a C++ developer. 
